Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Periodontal surgery is the term used for certain specific surgical techniques aimed at '''preserving the periodontium'''. Periodontal surgery techniques include closed curettage, gingivoplasty, various flap techniques, osseous surgery, guided tissue regeneration and, of course, implants. The techniques create accessibility for professional [[Scaling and Polishing - Small Animal|scaling and polishing]], and establish a gingival morphology that facilitates plaque control by home care regimes. Some techniques are aimed at regeneration of the periodontal attachment which has been lost, e.g. guided tissue regeneration.  

Periodontal surgery is the term used for certain specific surgical techniques aimed at '''preserving the periodontium'''. Periodontal surgery techniques include closed curettage, gingivoplasty, various flap techniques, osseous surgery, guided tissue regeneration and, of course, implants. The techniques create accessibility for professional [[Scaling and Polishing - Small Animal|scaling and polishing]], and establish a gingival morphology that facilitates plaque control by home care regimes. Some techniques are aimed at regeneration of the periodontal attachment which has been lost e.g. guided tissue regeneration.  

Periodontal surgery is never first-line treatment for [[Periodontal Disease|periodontal disease]]. Conservative management of periodontal disease (i.e. thorough supra- and subgingival scaling, rootplaning and polishing), in combination with [[Oral Hygiene - Small Animal|daily meticulous home care]], is always the first step. If a client cannot maintain good dental hygiene for their pet, then in the interest of the well being of the animal, there is no indication for periodontal surgery.

Periodontal surgery is never a first-line treatment for [[Periodontal Disease|periodontal disease]]. Conservative management of periodontal disease (i.e. thorough supra- and subgingival scaling, rootplaning and polishing), in combination with [[Oral Hygiene - Small Animal|meticulous daily home care]], is always the first step. If a client cannot maintain good dental hygiene for their pet, then in the interest of the well being of the animal, there is no indication for periodontal surgery.

The main objective of periodontal surgery is to contribute to the preservation of the periodontium by facilitating plaque removal and plaque control. Periodontal surgery can help achieve this by:

The main objective of periodontal surgery is to contribute to the preservation of the periodontium by facilitating plaque removal and plaque control. Periodontal surgery can help achieve this by:

#Creating accessibility for professional scaling and root planing.

#Creating accessibility for professional scaling and root planing.

#Establishing a [[Gingiva|gingival]] morphology that facilitates plaque control by home care regimes.

#Establishing a [[Gingiva|gingival]] morphology that facilitates plaque control by home care regimes.

#In addition, periodontal surgery may aim to regenerate lost periodontal attachment.  

#In addition, periodontal surgery may aim to regenerate a lost periodontal attachment.  

==Gingivoplasty==

==Gingivoplasty==

*The flap procedure preserves the oral epithelium.

*The flap procedure preserves the oral epithelium.

The design of the periodontal flap will depend on the type of pocket. The most common flap used in veterinary oral surgery is usually a full flap, or one with vertical releasing incisions allowing for increased exposure, but this is considered more invasive. Another commonly used flap for periodontal surgery is the envelope flap. This is created along the arcade, without vertical incisions. Periodontal flaps are typically made full thickness, which means the periosteum is released from the underlying hard tissue and kept with the flap.

Design of the periodontal flap used depends on the type of pocket. The most common flap used in veterinary oral surgery is usually a full flap, or one with vertical releasing incisions allowing for increased exposure, but this is considered more invasive. Another commonly used flap for periodontal surgery is the envelope flap. This is created along the arcade, without vertical incisions. Periodontal flaps are typically made full thickness, which means the periosteum is released from the underlying hard tissue and kept with the flap.

'''Envelope Flap:''' The sulcal incision is different from any other incision used in the oral cavity because the incision not only releases the gingiva from the underlying hard tissues but also excises the diseased pocket epithelium and granulation tissue. Furthermore, the sum of these incisions used to create the flap, creates a sharp marginal edge of the resulting flap, which allows for better apposition when it is replaced.  

'''Envelope Flap:''' The sulcal incision is different from any other incision used in the oral cavity because the incision not only releases the gingiva from the underlying hard tissues but also excises the diseased pocket epithelium and granulation tissue. Furthermore, the sum of these incisions used to create the flap, creates a sharp marginal edge of the resulting flap, which allows for better apposition when it is replaced.  

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[[Category:Dental Surgical Procedures]][[Category:To Do - Dentistry preMars]]

[[Category:Dental Surgical Procedures]][[Category:To Do - Mars Check]]