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− | <big><center>[[Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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| + | The Placenta is a hugely important endocrine organ, producing many [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] which affect the status of pregnancy and the maternal physiology. |
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| + | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" |
| + | |+ ''Hormones of the Placenta'' |
| + | !Hormone |
| + | !Production and Regulation |
| + | !Action |
| + | |- |
| + | |Prostaglandin F2a |
| + | |Produced towards the end of pregnancy in increasing amounts to allow for parturition. |
| + | |Causes luteolysis and promotes uterine contractions. |
| + | |- |
| + | |Progesterone |
| + | |The Placenta takes over Progesterone production from the Corpus Luteum to maintain the pregnancy. |
| + | |Maintains the pregnancy by thickening the cervix, depressing the maternal immune response and preventing ovulation. It also promotes mammary growth. |
| + | |- |
| + | |Oestrogen |
| + | |Oestrogen levels rise throughout pregnancy as the placenta grows. |
| + | |Stimulate the growth of the myometrium, promote mammary development and suppress gonadotrophin release from the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|pituitary gland]]. |
| + | |- |
| + | |Placental Lactogen |
| + | |This is related to [[Lactation - Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Prolactin]] and [[Pituitary Growth Hormone - Anatomy & Physiology|Growth hormone]], and is produced by the placenta and uterus. |
| + | |Promotes growth and differentiation of mammary tissue. Identified in primates, ruminants and rodents. |
| + | |- |
| + | |Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) |
| + | |This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells, and is actually the same molecule as equine LH. |
| + | |Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for [[Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy - Anatomy & Physiology|Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy]] in equids. |
| + | |- |
| + | |Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) |
| + | |This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells. |
| + | |Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for [[Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy - Anatomy & Physiology|Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy]] in primates. |
| + | |} |
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| + | {{OpenPages}} |
| + | [[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]] |