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| |- | | |- |
| |} | | |} |
| + | |
| + | ---- |
| + | |
| + | == Tactile Stimulation == |
| + | |
| + | * Tactile stimuli from males is important in provoking sexual postures or standing postures by females. |
| + | ** Stallion: Bites the neck or withers of the mare |
| + | ** Tom: Bites the neck of the Queen |
| + | ** Bull: Chin rests on the back of the cow just prior to mounting |
| + | |
| + | ---- |
| + | |
| + | == [[Vomeronasal Organ]]== |
| + | |
| + | * Vomeronasal organ is an '''accessory olfactory''' organ. |
| + | * Connected to two small openings in the anterior roof of the mouth just behind the upper [[Lips|lip]]. |
| + | * Fluid-borne, less volatile chemicals enter the vomeronasal organ through the [[Alimentary_- Anatomy & Physiology#Oral_Cavity|oral cavity]] by means of nasopalatine (incisive) ducts. |
| + | |
| + | ---- |
| + | |
| + | == Flehmen Response == |
| + | |
| + | [[Image:Flehmen Response.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>The Flehmen Response'</p><sup> Courtesy of Anna Schultz.</sup>]] |
| + | |
| + | [[Image:Flehmen Response Horse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>The Flehmen Response in the Horse</p><sup> Courtesy of Anna Schultz.</sup>]] |
| + | |
| + | * Some [[Attractivity Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Pheramones|pheromones]] are less volatile and need to be detected by the '''vomeronasal organ'''. |
| + | ** Bull, ram, stallion, some extent the boar. |
| + | * Male closely approaches the source of [[Attractivity Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Pheramones|pheromones]] and will nuzzle the female genital region. |
| + | * Flehmen behaviour is characterized by: |
| + | ** Head elevation |
| + | ** Curling of the upper [[Lips|lip]]. |
| + | * Curling of the upper [[Lips|lip]] closes the '''nostrils''' and allows negative pressure to form in the '''nasopalatine duct'''. |
| + | * Flehmen behaviour allows less volatile pheromones to be examined by sensory neurons in the '''vomeronasal organ'''. |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | * As in the males, females will display flehmen to novel compounds such as fluids associated with the [[Placenta - Anatomy & Physiology|placenta]], newborn animals and other volatile materials. |
| + | * Frequently displayed by post-parturient females as they make identity discriminations between their own versus other's neonates. |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | |
| | | |
| ---- | | ---- |
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| |- | | |- |
| | '''Courtship Behaviour''' | | | '''Courtship Behaviour''' |
− | | Nuzzling & Licking of Perineal Region,Chin Resting,Testing for Lordosis | + | | Nuzzling & licking of perineal region, chin resting, testing for lordosis |
| | High Degree of Excitement | | | High Degree of Excitement |
| | Neck Outstretched,Head held Horizontally | | | Neck Outstretched,Head held Horizontally |
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| ---- | | ---- |
| | | |
− | == ::[[Reproductive Behaviour - Erection and Penile Protrusion - Anatomy & Physiology|Erection and Penile Protrusion]] == | + | == [[Erection - Anatomy & Physiology|Erection]] == |
| + | |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]] |
| + | [[Category:Bullet Points]] |