Difference between revisions of "Protozoa Flashcards"

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[[Image:Toxoplasma gondii.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxoplasma gondii'' - Ke Hu and John Murray]]
 
[[Image:Toxoplasma gondii.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxoplasma gondii'' - Ke Hu and John Murray]]
 +
<big>
 +
'''[[Coccidia Flashcards]]
 +
 +
'''[[Cryptosporidia Flashcards]]
 +
 +
'''[[Giardia Flashcards]]
 +
 +
'''[[Piroplasmida Flashcards]]
 +
 +
'''[[Tissue Cyst Forming Coccidian Flashcards]]
 +
</big>
 +
 
===Protozoa===
 
===Protozoa===
 
<FlashCard questions="3">
 
<FlashCard questions="3">
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*Pseduopodia
 
*Pseduopodia
 
*Gliding
 
*Gliding
|l1=Protozoa#Structure and function
+
|l1=Protozoa_Structure_and_Function
 
|q2=How do protozoa reproduce?
 
|q2=How do protozoa reproduce?
 
|a2=
 
|a2=
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*By sporogony
 
*By sporogony
 
*By gametogeny
 
*By gametogeny
|l2=Protozoa#Life Cycle
+
|l2=Protozoa_Life_Cycle
 
|q3=Briefly summarise the life cycle of protozoa
 
|q3=Briefly summarise the life cycle of protozoa
 
|a3=
 
|a3=
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*The zygote forms the oocyst which is passed in the faeces
 
*The zygote forms the oocyst which is passed in the faeces
 
*Sporulation occurs which makes the oocyst infectious
 
*Sporulation occurs which makes the oocyst infectious
|l3=Protozoa#Example of a Protozoal Life Cycle
+
|l3=Protozoa_Life_Cycle
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
  
'''[[Coccidia Flashcards]]
 
 
'''[[Cryptosporidia Flashcards]]
 
 
'''[[Giardia Flashcards]]
 
 
 
 
===Piroplasmida===
 
<FlashCard questions="11">
 
|q1=True or False: Both trans-stadial and trans-ovarian transmission can occur in ''Babesia'' species
 
|a1=True
 
|l1=Piroplasmida#Babesia
 
|q2=What are the recognisable features of small ''Babesia'' species and give an example
 
|a2=
 
*Peripheral nucleus
 
*Obtuse angle
 
*B. divergens
 
|l2=Piroplasmida#Babesia
 
|q3=What are the recognisable features of large ''Babesia'' species and give an example
 
|a3=
 
*Central nucleus
 
*Acute angle
 
*B. major
 
|l3=Piroplasmida#Babesia
 
|q4=What are the predisposing features to ''Babesia'' infection?
 
|a4=
 
*Susceptible animals introduced into an infected area
 
*Infected ticks introduced into a clean area
 
*Infected cattle introduced into an area with clean ticks
 
*Temporary reduction in the tick population decreasing the transmission rate (causing enzootic instability)
 
*Infected are transported or stressed in other ways, e.g. parturition
 
|l4=Piroplasmida#Babesia
 
|q5=What are the different vectors for ''Babesia'' species?
 
|a5=
 
*Ixodes ricinus for B. divergens
 
*Haemaphysalis for B. major
 
*Boophilus for B. bovis and B. bigemina
 
*Dermacentor and Rhipicephalus for B. canis
 
|l5=Piroplasmida#Babesia
 
|q6=What species are the natural vectors for ''Cytauxzoon''?
 
|a6=Ticks 
 
|l6=Piroplasmida#Cytauxzoon felis
 
|q7=Where do schizonts of ''Cytauxzoon felis'' develop?
 
|a7=In macrophages 
 
|l7=Piroplasmida#Cytauxzoon felis
 
|q8=What is the main condition caused by ''Theileria parva''?
 
|a8=East Coast Fever 
 
|l8=Piroplasmida#Theileria
 
|q9=What is the main condition caused by ''Theileria parva'' and what is the intermediate host?
 
|a9=
 
*East Coast Fever 
 
*Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
 
|l9=Piroplasmida#Theileria
 
|q10=What is the pathogenesis of ''Theileria parva'' infections?
 
|a10=
 
*Proliferation in the lymphoblasts 
 
*Proliferation in the local lymph node followed by spread throughout the body
 
*Lymphocyte depletion
 
|l10=Piroplasmida#Theileria
 
|q11=What are the clinical signs of ''Theileria parva'' infection?
 
|a11=
 
*Pyrexia 
 
*Enlarged local lymph node
 
*Loss of condition
 
|l11=Piroplasmida#Theileria
 
</FlashCard>
 
===Tissue Cyst Forming Coccidia===
 
<FlashCard questions="13">
 
|q1=What are the two main species of ''Neospora'' of veterinary interest and which animals do they affect?
 
|a1=
 
*N. caninum
 
**Dogs
 
*N. hughesi
 
**Horses
 
|l1=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Neospora
 
|q2=How long is the prepatent period of ''Neospora''?
 
|a2=5 days
 
|l2=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Neospora
 
|q3=What are the clinical signs of ''Neospora'' infections in dogs?
 
|a3=
 
*Ascending paralysis
 
*Sudden collapse due to myocarditis
 
*Muscle wasting
 
|l3=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Neospora
 
|q4=What are the clinical signs of ''Neospora'' infections in cattle?
 
|a4=
 
*Abortion
 
*Encephalomyelitis
 
*Paresis
 
|l4=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Neospora
 
|q5=What are the clinical signs of ''Neospora'' infections in horses?
 
|a5=Myeloencephalitis
 
|l5=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Neospora
 
|q6=How many intermediate and final hosts does ''Sarcocystis'' have?
 
|a6=
 
*One final host
 
*One intermediate host
 
|l6=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Sarcocystis
 
|q7=True or False: ''Sarcocystis'' infections are mainly asymptomatic
 
|a7=True
 
|l7=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Sarcocystis
 
|q8=What is Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis?
 
|a8=
 
*Necrotising encephalomyelitis affecting the grey and white matter of the CNS
 
*Caused by S. neurona
 
*Causes spinal cord dysfunction leading to ataxia and paralysis
 
|l8=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Sarcocystis
 
|q9=What is the most pathogenic species of ''Toxoplasma''?
 
|a9=T. gondii
 
|l9=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Toxoplasma
 
|q10=True or False: The life cycle of ''Toxoplasma'' is direct
 
|a10=
 
*False
 
*The life cycle is complex
 
*Described as facultatively heterozygous
 
|l10=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Toxoplasma
 
|q11=Describe the acute phase of ''Toxoplasma'' infections
 
|a11=
 
*Asexual reproduction in the cell by endodyogeny (budding) producing 8-16 tachyzoites
 
*Tachyzoites are released when host cell bursts
 
*Haematogenous spread as more cells are infected
 
*Infection continues until the animal develops immunity (around 2 weeks) at which point the infection enters the chronic phase
 
|l11=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Toxoplasma
 
|q12=Describe the chronic phase of ''Toxoplasma'' infections
 
|a12=
 
*Slow growing intracellular bradyzoites become walled off forming infective cysts
 
*Bradyzoites are protected from the host immune response (whereas extracellular tachyzoites are killed)
 
*Cysts remain viable for months to years in muscle and nervous tissue
 
*If immunity is suppressed the infection can revert to the acute form
 
|l12=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Toxoplasma
 
|q13=How can ''Toxoplasma'' infections be prevented?
 
|a13=
 
*ELISA to check for seropositive cats
 
*Humans can avoid oocyst ingestion
 
*Humans can avoid tissue cyst ingestion
 
*Sheep can be vaccinated or given medicated feed
 
|l13=Tissue cyst-forming coccidia#Toxoplasma
 
</FlashCard>
 
 
===Tropical Protozoa===
 
===Tropical Protozoa===
 
<FlashCard questions="8">
 
<FlashCard questions="8">
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*Phlebotomus spp. in the Old World  
 
*Phlebotomus spp. in the Old World  
 
*Lutzomyia spp. in the New World
 
*Lutzomyia spp. in the New World
|l1=Tropical Protozoa#Leishmania
+
|l1=Leishmania
 
|q2=Which cells are ''Leishmania'' species intracellular parasites of?
 
|q2=Which cells are ''Leishmania'' species intracellular parasites of?
 
|a2=Macrophages
 
|a2=Macrophages
|l2=Tropical Protozoa#Leishmania
+
|l2=Leishmania
 
|q3=What are the clinical signs of ''Leishmania'' infections?
 
|q3=What are the clinical signs of ''Leishmania'' infections?
 
|a3=
 
|a3=
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**Fever
 
**Fever
 
**Generalised lympadenopathy
 
**Generalised lympadenopathy
|l3=Tropical Protozoa#Leishmania
+
|l3=Leishmania
 
|q4=How can you treat and prevent ''Leishmania'' infections?
 
|q4=How can you treat and prevent ''Leishmania'' infections?
 
|a4=
 
|a4=
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*Prevent sandflies biting dogs through collars containing insecticides  
 
*Prevent sandflies biting dogs through collars containing insecticides  
 
*Destruction of infected and stray dogs
 
*Destruction of infected and stray dogs
|l4=Tropical Protozoa#Leishmania
+
|l4=Leishmania
 
|q5=Which diseases so ''Trypanosome'' species cause in cattle and in humans?
 
|q5=Which diseases so ''Trypanosome'' species cause in cattle and in humans?
 
|a5=
 
|a5=
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*Chagas disease in humans, armadillos and possums
 
*Chagas disease in humans, armadillos and possums
 
*Sleeping sickness in humans  
 
*Sleeping sickness in humans  
|l5=Tropical Protozoa#Trypanosoma
+
|l5=Trypanosoma
 
|q6=Fill in the missing words about ''trypanosoma'' infections?
 
|q6=Fill in the missing words about ''trypanosoma'' infections?
 
<p>Salivarian ''trypanosome'' species multiply in the ??? and ??? of ???. This is also known as ??? development. Stercorian ''trypanosome'' species multiply in the ??? of ??? bugs, keds and ???. This is also known as ??? development.</p>
 
<p>Salivarian ''trypanosome'' species multiply in the ??? and ??? of ???. This is also known as ??? development. Stercorian ''trypanosome'' species multiply in the ??? of ??? bugs, keds and ???. This is also known as ??? development.</p>
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*tabanids
 
*tabanids
 
*posterior station
 
*posterior station
|l6=Tropical Protozoa#Trypanosoma
+
|l6=Trypanosoma
 
|q7=What are the general clinical signs of ''trypanosoma'' infections?
 
|q7=What are the general clinical signs of ''trypanosoma'' infections?
 
|a7=
 
|a7=
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*Oedema of the limbs and genitalia in horses
 
*Oedema of the limbs and genitalia in horses
 
*Myocarditis and corneal opacity in dogs and cats
 
*Myocarditis and corneal opacity in dogs and cats
|l7=Tropical Protozoa#Trypanosoma
+
|l7=Trypanosoma
 
|q8=How are ''trypanosoma'' infections diagnosed?
 
|q8=How are ''trypanosoma'' infections diagnosed?
 
|a8=
 
|a8=
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*Fresh blood films looking for motile trypanosomes  
 
*Fresh blood films looking for motile trypanosomes  
 
*Haematocrit tubes looking for motile trypanosomes at the buffy coat/plasma interface  
 
*Haematocrit tubes looking for motile trypanosomes at the buffy coat/plasma interface  
|l8=Tropical Protozoa#Trypanosoma
+
|l8=Trypanosoma
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
  
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*Commensal organism  
 
*Commensal organism  
 
*Found in the lumen of the large intestine of pigs and humans
 
*Found in the lumen of the large intestine of pigs and humans
|l1=Other Important Protozoa#Balantidium
+
|l1=Balantidium
 
|q2=How would you diagnose ''Cyclospora'' infections?
 
|q2=How would you diagnose ''Cyclospora'' infections?
 
|a2=
 
|a2=
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*Zeihl-Neelson stain positive  
 
*Zeihl-Neelson stain positive  
 
*Oocysts autoflouresce
 
*Oocysts autoflouresce
|l2=Other Important Protozoa#Cyclospora
+
|l2=Cyclospora
 
|q3=How can ''Entamoeba'' cause abcesses in the liver?
 
|q3=How can ''Entamoeba'' cause abcesses in the liver?
 
|a3=
 
|a3=
 
*Erosion of the large intestine may allow the parasite to enter the bloodstream
 
*Erosion of the large intestine may allow the parasite to enter the bloodstream
 
*Once in the bloodstream the parasite can reach the liver and cause ascesses  
 
*Once in the bloodstream the parasite can reach the liver and cause ascesses  
|l3=Other Important Protozoa#Entamoeba
+
|l3=Entamoeba
 
|q4=What disease does ''Histomonas meleagridis'' cause and in which species?
 
|q4=What disease does ''Histomonas meleagridis'' cause and in which species?
 
|a4=
 
|a4=
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*Affects turkeys  
 
*Affects turkeys  
 
*Chickens are asymptomatic carriers
 
*Chickens are asymptomatic carriers
|l4=Other Important Protozoa#Histomonas meleagridis
+
|l4=Histomonas
 
|q5=In which caecal nematode worm is ''H. meleagridis'' carried?
 
|q5=In which caecal nematode worm is ''H. meleagridis'' carried?
 
|a5=Heterakis gallinarum  
 
|a5=Heterakis gallinarum  
|l5=Other Important Protozoa#Histomonas meleagridis
+
|l5=Histomonas  
 
|q6=What are the clinical signs of ''H. meleagridis'' infections?
 
|q6=What are the clinical signs of ''H. meleagridis'' infections?
 
|a6=
 
|a6=
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**Necrotic mucosa in caecum
 
**Necrotic mucosa in caecum
 
**1cm diameter circular lesions in the liver
 
**1cm diameter circular lesions in the liver
|l6=Other Important Protozoa#Histomonas meleagridis
+
|l6=Histomonas  
 
|q7=What are the clinical signs of ''Microsporidia'' infections?
 
|q7=What are the clinical signs of ''Microsporidia'' infections?
 
|a7=
 
|a7=
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*Cataracts
 
*Cataracts
 
*But mostly asymptomatic
 
*But mostly asymptomatic
|l7=Other Important Protozoa#Microsporidia
+
|l7=Microsporidia
 
|q8=How is ''Tritrichomonas foetus'' transmitted?
 
|q8=How is ''Tritrichomonas foetus'' transmitted?
 
|a8=Venerally
 
|a8=Venerally
|l8=Other Important Protozoa#Tritrichomonas foetus
+
|l8=Tritrichomonas foetus
 
|q9=Where is ''Tritrichomonas foetus'' found in cattle?
 
|q9=Where is ''Tritrichomonas foetus'' found in cattle?
 
|a9=
 
|a9=
 
*Uterus of cows
 
*Uterus of cows
 
*Preputial cavity of bulls
 
*Preputial cavity of bulls
|l9=Other Important Protozoa#Tritrichomonas foetus
+
|l9=Tritrichomonas foetus
 
</FlashCard>
 
</FlashCard>
[[Category:Protozoa]][[Category:Flashcards]]
+
[[Category:Protozoa]][[Category:Parasite Flashcards]]

Latest revision as of 14:26, 2 June 2011

Toxoplasma gondii - Ke Hu and John Murray

Coccidia Flashcards

Cryptosporidia Flashcards

Giardia Flashcards

Piroplasmida Flashcards

Tissue Cyst Forming Coccidian Flashcards

Protozoa

Question Answer Article
What are the four different ways protozoa can move? Link to Article
How do protozoa reproduce? Link to Article
Briefly summarise the life cycle of protozoa Link to Article


Tropical Protozoa

Question Answer Article
What species transmits Leishmania? Link to Article
Which cells are Leishmania species intracellular parasites of? Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of Leishmania infections? Link to Article
How can you treat and prevent Leishmania infections? Link to Article
Which diseases so Trypanosome species cause in cattle and in humans? Link to Article
Fill in the missing words about trypanosoma infections?

Salivarian trypanosome species multiply in the ??? and ??? of ???. This is also known as ??? development. Stercorian trypanosome species multiply in the ??? of ??? bugs, keds and ???. This is also known as ??? development.

Link to Article
What are the general clinical signs of trypanosoma infections? Link to Article
How are trypanosoma infections diagnosed? Link to Article


Other Important Protozoa

Question Answer Article
What is Balantidium and where is it found? Link to Article
How would you diagnose Cyclospora infections? Link to Article
How can Entamoeba cause abcesses in the liver? Link to Article
What disease does Histomonas meleagridis cause and in which species? Link to Article
In which caecal nematode worm is H. meleagridis carried? Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of H. meleagridis infections? Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of Microsporidia infections? Link to Article
How is Tritrichomonas foetus transmitted? Link to Article
Where is Tritrichomonas foetus found in cattle? Link to Article