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| + | ==Introduction== |
− | ==Description== | |
| '''Rectal prolapse''' is defined as the protrusion of the rectal mucosa from the anus. It can be classified as complete or incomplete. A complete prolapse involves all layers of the rectal wall whereas an incomplete prolapse only involves the mucosal layer. | | '''Rectal prolapse''' is defined as the protrusion of the rectal mucosa from the anus. It can be classified as complete or incomplete. A complete prolapse involves all layers of the rectal wall whereas an incomplete prolapse only involves the mucosal layer. |
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| |Dystocia | | |Dystocia |
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− | |Extensive [[LUT Neoplasia - Pathology# Transitional cell carcinoma|transitional cell carcinoma]] of the bladder in cats | + | |Extensive [[Bladder Neoplasia# Transitional cell carcinoma|transitional cell carcinoma]] of the bladder in cats |
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| [[WikiWords#Endoparasite|Endoparasite]] infestations and enteritis are more common in young animals whereas tumours or [[Perineal Hernia|perineal hernias]] are more common in middle-aged to older animals. | | [[WikiWords#Endoparasite|Endoparasite]] infestations and enteritis are more common in young animals whereas tumours or [[Perineal Hernia|perineal hernias]] are more common in middle-aged to older animals. |
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| ==Signalment== | | ==Signalment== |
− | No breed predisposition but may occur more often in Manx cats due to anal laxity | + | No breed,sex, or age predisposition but occurs more commonly in younger animals with endoparasitic infections. Also occurs more often in Manx cats due to anal laxity. |
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− | Image:Manx.jpg|''Manx Cat'' (image sourced form WikiMedia commons, Jonik 2004)
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− | </gallery>
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− | No sex predilection
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
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| Protrusion of a red, elongated, swollen cylindrical mass from the [[Anus - Anatomy & Physiology|anus]] is seen. It is vital to differentiate a rectal prolapse from an ileocolic [[Intussusception|intussusception]]. This can be done by passing a probe adjacent to the anus. With a rectal prolapse, the probe cannot be successfully passed. | | Protrusion of a red, elongated, swollen cylindrical mass from the [[Anus - Anatomy & Physiology|anus]] is seen. It is vital to differentiate a rectal prolapse from an ileocolic [[Intussusception|intussusception]]. This can be done by passing a probe adjacent to the anus. With a rectal prolapse, the probe cannot be successfully passed. |
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− | The everted tissue becomes [[Oedema - Pathology|oedematous]], which prevents it from being retracted back into the pelvic canal. The exposed tissue is vulnerable, and depending on the duration of the prolapse, this can lead to inflammation, haemorrhage, [[Venous Congestion and Hyperaemia - Pathology|congestion]] and ulceration. | + | The everted tissue becomes [[Oedema|oedematous]], which prevents it from being retracted back into the pelvic canal. The exposed tissue is vulnerable, and depending on the duration of the prolapse, this can lead to inflammation, haemorrhage, [[Venous Congestion|congestion]] and ulceration. |
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| ===Laboratory Tests=== | | ===Laboratory Tests=== |
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| ==Prognosis== | | ==Prognosis== |
| Prognosis is poor in untreated cases of chronic rectal prolapse. The prognosis for surgical patients is good provided the underlying cause is appropriately addressed. | | Prognosis is poor in untreated cases of chronic rectal prolapse. The prognosis for surgical patients is good provided the underlying cause is appropriately addressed. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A%28rect*%29+AND+title%3A%28prolapse%29+AND+%28od%3A%28dogs%29+OR+od%3A%28cats%29%29 Rectal Prolapse in cats and dogs publications] |
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis00656.asp Rectal prolapse] |
| + | }} |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| + | {{review}} |
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| + | ==Webinars== |
| + | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/gastroenterology-and-nutrition/webinars/feed</rss> |
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| [[Category:Recto-Anal - Pathology]] | | [[Category:Recto-Anal - Pathology]] |
− | [[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]] | + | [[Category:Rectal and Anal Diseases - Dog]] |
| + | [[Category:Rectal and Anal Diseases - Cat]] |
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| [[Category:Expert_Review]] | | [[Category:Expert_Review]] |