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232 bytes added ,  12:29, 6 August 2010
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{{review}}
 
{{review}}
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''R spp'' are mostly three host ticks, although some have a two host life cycle. They are commonly found on mammals but rarely infest reptiles and birds. These  species were previously indigenous to the 'Old World', but  have now  been spread to a range of habitats worldwide and are important  vectors  of several infectious agents. They can generally be identified  by:
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{{Taxobox
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|name              =''Rhipicephalus spp.''
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|kingdom            =Animalia
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|sub-kingdom        =
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|phylum            =[[:Category:Arthropods|Arthropoda]]
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|super-class        =
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|class              =[[:Category:Arachnida|Arachnida]]
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|sub-class          =Acari
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|super-order        =Parasitiformes
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|order              =Ixodida
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|sub-order          =
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|super-family      =Ixodidea
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|family            =Ixodidae
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|sub-family        =
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|genus              =Ripicephalus
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|species            =''R. sanguineus'', ''R. microplus''
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}}
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''Rhipicephalus spp'' are mostly three host ticks, although some have a two host life cycle. They are commonly found on mammals but rarely infest reptiles and birds. These  species were previously indigenous to the 'Old World', but  have now  been spread to a range of habitats worldwide and are important  vectors  of several infectious agents. They can generally be identified  by:
    
*Short, wide palps
 
*Short, wide palps
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This   is considered the most serious external parasites of Australian  cattle, though they also affect cattle accross the southern hemisphere  and the  southern states of the USA. It is able to complete its life  cycle in  just 2 months under optimal conditions and lay 2000 - 3000  eggs during  this time. It is important in its ability to act as a  vector for  ''[[Babesia]] bigemina'', ''Borrelia theileri'' in South America  and in  Australia of ''[[Coxiella burnetti]]'' and ''[[Anaplasma marginale]]''.  These  organisms can be passed down for up to 5 generations of ticks  regardless  of the hosts on which they feed as they can be passed  transovarially  between generations.
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This species is considered the most serious external parasites of Australian  cattle, though they also affect cattle accross the southern hemisphere  and the  southern states of the USA. It is able to complete its life  cycle in  just 2 months under optimal conditions and lay 2000 - 3000  eggs during  this time. It is important in its ability to act as a  vector for  ''[[Babesia]] bigemina'', ''Borrelia theileri'' in South America  and in  Australia of ''[[Coxiella burnetti]]'' and ''[[Anaplasma marginale]]''.  These  organisms can be passed down for up to 5 generations of ticks  regardless  of the hosts on which they feed as they can be passed  transovarially  between generations.
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*Warmer climates
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*Causes paralysis in livestock
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*Vectors for diseases such as
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**''Theileria parva'' which causes [[Theileria|East Coast Fever]]
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**''Babesia bigemina'' which affects ruminants, mainly in Africa
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**[[Babesia|''Babesia canis'']] and ''[[Ehrlichia canis]]'' which affects dogs in warmer climates worldwide
      
[[Category:Hard_Ticks_-_UK]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ]][[Category:Expert_Review]]
 
[[Category:Hard_Ticks_-_UK]][[Category:Hard Ticks - Overseas]][[Category:To_Do_-_NickJ]][[Category:Expert_Review]]
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