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Semen Collection - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:46, 5 July 2012
, 13:46, 5 July 2012→Electroejaculation
== Artificial Vagina ==
=== Introduction ===
* Simulates the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vaginal conditions]] of a female in oestrus.
* Generally consist of
** Outer casing of reinforced rubber
** Rubber liner that can be lubricated
* Temperature and pressure are controlled by water placed between the casing and liner.
* One end is attached to a funnel-like cone that is attached to a collection vessel, usually a non-breakable test tube.
* The desgin of the artificial vagina should accomplish the following:
** Provide a suitable environment for stimulation of the glans penis.
** Provide an environment that prevents damage to the penis.
** Provide an environment that maximizes sperm recovery and minimizes sperm insult.
=== Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Surrogate Stimulus ===
* Males need training to [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Mounting|mount]] a surrogate animal or 'dummy'.
* '''Advantages''' of a surrogate animal:
** Ease of cleaning
** Minimizes risk of injury
** Minimizes risk of disease transmission
** Surrogate animals do not require feed input, housing or labour for maintenance.
** Size can be easily adjusted to accommodate various males.
** Can be mobile, so location can be changed with ease. This avoids changing location of the male - which is more dangerous, especially with Bulls.
* '''Disadvantages''' of a surrogate animal:
** Changing the location of teasers is difficult.
** Requires previous training of the male
=== Species Differences ===
* '''Stallion''':
** Leather outer casing equiped with a port to drain water.
** Collection vessel and protective covering
** Ideally, [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculation]] takes place in a collection cone so that most semen drains directly into the collection vessel.
** Surrogate stimulus used to collect semen from the Stallion is referred to as a ''''phantom''''.
*** Phantom has a biting belt to provide the stallion with a surface to bite during [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Mounting|mounting]] thus providing a means for natural behaviour.
** It is possible to palpate the urethra at the base of the penis to detect ejaculation. There may also be associated tail movements.
* '''Bull''':
** Black casing
** Rubber liner
** Collection cone and collection vessel
** Water is placed between the casing and the liner.
** Proper temperature critical for successful [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculation]].
** Protective covering placed over the cone and collection vessel to prevent [[Artificial Insemination - Anatomy & Physiology#Seminal Extenders|cold shock]] of the semen.
* '''Boar''':
** Bulb that can apply pressure to the artificial vagina.
*** High pressure is obligatory for stimulation of the glans penis and [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculation]] in the boar.
** Outer casing and liner
** Protective covering that houses the collection vessel.
* '''Ram and Buck''':
** Rubber casing with a valve through which water can be added or emptied.
** Rubber liner and collection vessel.
** Protective covering
== Electroejaculation ==
* Electrical stimulation of the [[Accessory Sex Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] and the pelvic urethra.
*Used in males of high genetic value that cannot physically perform [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Mounting|mounting]] and [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculation]].
* Electric probe is inserted into the [[Rectum_- Anatomy & Physiology|rectum]] adjacent to the prostate.
* Probe delivers a single electric current of around 15 volts under general anaesthetic.
* Simulates nearby nerves, resulting in contraction of the pelvic muscles and [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculation]].
{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Equine Reproduction and Stud Medicine Q&A 03]]
}}
[[Category:Reproductive Technologies]]
[[Category:Bullet Points]]