Septic Arthritis
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- Bacterial arthritis
- Most common in food animals, especially young
- Portals of entry include:
- Navel and GI tract -> bacteraemia
- Haematogenously -> polyarthritis
- Traumatic inoculation
- Extension from bone or periarticular soft tissue
- Viral arthritis
- Progressive inflammatory and degenerative joint disease
- Synovitis with cartilage destruction
- Chronic mononuclear inflammatory reactions
In Sheep
- Maedi visna virus
- Bacterial infections mostly affects lambs except for Mycoplasmal artheritis
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
In Pigs
- Mycoplasma hyosynoviae and M. hyorhinis
In Cattle
- Neonatal polyarthritis by:
- Streptococcus spp.
- Via umbilicus
- Also involves eyes and meninges
- Coliforms
- Localises in joints and meninges in severe non-fatal neonatal colibacillosis
- May remain as chronic arthritis in larger joints
- Streptococcus spp.
- Infections at any age:
- Corynebacterium pyogenes
- Suppurative arthrtis
- Often due to pebetrating wound into or close to joints
- Mycoplasma spp.
- May be respinsible for some chronic cases but difficult to prove as hard to isolate
- Fibrinous polyarthritis
- Chlamydia sp.
- Severe disease in young calves
- High mortality
- Can be seen in smears of synovial fluid from swollen joints
- Oedematous and hyperaemic surrounding tissue
- Possibly due to intrauterine infection
- Brucella abortus
- Uncommonly localises in joints
- Usually in carpal bursitis (hygroma) in cattle and bursitis in horses
- Corynebacterium pyogenes
In Horses
- Arthritis can occur following neonatal infections by:
In Goats
In Dogs
- Staphylococci
- May cause discospondylitis
- Destructive inflammatory lesion
- Bacterial localise in annulus fibrosis -> may spread to local bone