Small animal abdominal surgery and diagnostics quiz

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WIKIQUIZ

Questions reviewed by: Tony Sarma BVM&S CertSAS MRCVS

1

What is the recurrence rate of intussusception post surgery?

Please select an option Incorrect. The correct answer is 11-20% of cases that go to surgery will recur within 1-5 days of surgery. Incorrect. The correct answer is 11-20% of cases that go to surgery will recur within 1-5 days of surgery, as cited by the American College of Veterinary Surgeons. | Link to ACVS site Correct! 11-20% of cases that go to surgery will recur within 1-5 days of surgery. Incorrect. The correct answer is 11-20% of cases that go to surgery will recur within 1-5 days of surgery. Incorrect. The correct answer is 11-20% of cases that go to surgery will recur within 1-5 days of surgery.

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2

In relation to positional changes of the intestine, what is a torsion?

Please select an option Incorrect. Intestinal torsion is a twisting of the intestine around its longitudinal axis. This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term Correct! This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term Incorrect. Intestinal torsion is a twisting of the intestine around its longitudinal axis. This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term Incorrect. Intestinal torsion is a twisting of the intestine around its longitudinal axis. This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term Incorrect. Intestinal torsion is a twisting of the intestine around its longitudinal axis. This is most common in the colon of the pig and the horse. Some people use the term

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3

Which is the best diagnostic technique for definitively diagnosing an oesophageal stricture?

Please select an option Incorrect. Fluoroscopy may be unremarkable in animals with benign oesophageal strictures. Oesophagoscopy should be used to provide a definitive diagnosis, confirming the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. WikiVet Article: oesophageal stricture. Incorrect. Although barium contrast radiography is normally diagnostic of the disorder, demonstrating narrowing of the oesophagus, it may not exclude intraluminal masses. Oesophagoscopy is required for definitive diagnosis. It should be used to confirm the site and severity of the stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. WikiVet Article: oesophageal stricture. Incorrect. Although ultrasonography may visualise a stricture caused by extramural mass compression, it is not usually useful in diagnosing small benign strictures. Oesophagoscopy should be used to provide a definitive diagnosis, confirming the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. WikiVet Article: oesophageal stricture. Incorrect. Survey radiographs are usually unremarkable in animals with benign oesophageal strictures. Oesophagoscopy should be used to confirm the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. WikiVet Article: oesophageal stricture. Correct! Oesophagoscopy should be used to confirm the site and severity of a stricture and also to exclude the presence of an intraluminal mass. WikiVet Article: oesophageal stricture.

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4

What are the two most important first line emergency treatments for gastric dilatation and volvulus?

Please select an option Incorrect. The administration of lidocaine is not considered a first line emergency treatment. It may be required to once the dog is stabilized in order to treat a cardiac arrhythmia. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena cava obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock. Incorrect. Although these drugs may be required once the animal is more stable, they are not considered a part of the first line emergency treatment. Pure opioids such as morphine can be given to provide analgesia. Broad spectrum antibiotics should be given at surgical induction due to the possibility of endotoxaemia and bacterial translocation at surgery. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena cava obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock. Correct! Fluid therapy and gastric decompression will stabilize the animal. Gastric decompression must be carried out as soon as possible as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena cava obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. The gastric wall can also become devitalised. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock. Incorrect. Although fluid therapy is regarded as one of the first line emergency treatments to treat hypovolaemic shock, lidocaine is not. Lidocaine may be administered once the animal is stabilize in order to treat a cardiac arrhythmia. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena caval obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock. Incorrect. Pure opioids may be administered to provide analgesia once the animal has been stabilised by gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided due to their adverse effects on the gastric mucosa. The two most important first line emergency treatments are gastric decompression and fluid therapy. Gastric decompression is essential as gastric dilatation can cause caudal vena caval obstruction and impair venous return to the heart. Fluid therapy should be administered in shock doses in order to treat the hypovolaemic shock.

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5

Which is the best diagnostic technique for definitively diagnosing chronic gastritis?

Please select an option Incorrect. Varying degrees of hyperaemia, hypertrophy and haemorrhage due to chronic gastritis may be evident. However, if no endoscopic lesions are visualised, chronic gastritis cannot be ruled out. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. WikiVet Article: chronic gastritis Incorrect. Haematology and biochemistry may reveal possible effects of chronic gastritis such as anaemia due to chronic blood loss, however, the findings are not diagnostic. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. WikiVet Article: chronic gastritis Incorrect. Contrast abdominal radiography may reveal thickening or irregularity of the gastric rugae but does not provide a definitive diagnosis. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. WikiVet Article: chronic gastritis Incorrect. Plain abdominal radiography is usually unremarkable. Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. WikiVet Article: chronic gastritis Correct! Biopsy of the stomach followed by histological examination should always be performed and is mandatory for definitive diagnosis. Biopsies may be taken via endoscopy as this is less invasive than via surgery, but may provide less detail of the deeper tissue layers than full-thickness surgical biopsy, e.g. in gastric tumours. For chronic gastritis, endoscopic biopsy is sufficient. WikiVet Article: chronic gastritis.

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6

Which breed of dog has been associated with a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas?

Please select an option Incorrect. It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. WikiVet Article: oesophageal fistulas. Incorrect. It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. WikiVet Article: oesophageal fistulas. Incorrect. It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. WikiVet Article: oesophageal fistulas. Correct! It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. WikiVet Article: oesophageal fistulas. Incorrect. It is reported that Cairn Terriers suffer from a congenital form of oesophageal fistulas. WikiVet Article: oesophageal fistulas.

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7

What is the most common signalment for perineal hernias?

Please select an option Incorrect. Perineal hernias occur less frequently in bitches. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed. Incorrect, perineal hernias occur less frequently in neutered dogs. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed. Incorrect. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. Correct! 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed. Incorrect. Perineal hernias are rare in cats. 93% of perineal hernias occur in intact dogs. The median age is 10 years old and breeds with short tails are predisposed.

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8

What are the 3 most common sites for oesophageal foreign bodies?

Please select an option Incorrect. The cervical oesophagus is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm. Correct! The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm. Incorrect. The cervical oesophagus is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm. Incorrect. The cervical oesophagus is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm. Incorrect. Immediately caudal to the larynx is not a common site of oesophageal obstruction. The three most common sites of oesophageal obstruction are the thoracic inlet; base of the heart; immediately in front of the diaphragm.

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9

What are the two types of acquired oesophageal diverticula?

Please select an option Incorrect. Sliding refers to one of the types of hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes. Incorrect. Para-oesophageal refers to one of the types of hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes. Incorrect. These two forms refer to hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes. Correct! Traction forms consists of all the oesophageal layers and results from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms includes the epithelium and connective tissue and have many causes. Incorrect. Sliding refers to one of the types of hiatal hernias. The correct answers are traction and pulsion. Traction forms consist of all the oesophageal layers. These result from peri-oesophageal inflammation and fibrosis, and develop mainly in the cranial and mid-oesophageal body. Sacculations are created by adhesions to adjacent tissues. Pulsion forms include the epithelium and connective tissue, and have many possible causes.

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