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**Invasive potential of certain strains e.e ''Salmonella'' Dublin associated with carriage of a large plasmid, encoding genes to allow intracellular survival in macrophages and also to allow iron acquisition
 
**Invasive potential of certain strains e.e ''Salmonella'' Dublin associated with carriage of a large plasmid, encoding genes to allow intracellular survival in macrophages and also to allow iron acquisition
 
**''Salmonellae'' are facultative intracellular organisms, allowing them to move from the gut in macrophages and cause a bacteraemia and lesions throughout the body
 
**''Salmonellae'' are facultative intracellular organisms, allowing them to move from the gut in macrophages and cause a bacteraemia and lesions throughout the body
**Possession of Pathogenicity islands associated with virulence
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**Possession of Pathogenicity Islands associated with virulence
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*Carriage:
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**''Salmonellae'' can persist in the gut or gall bladder
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**Excreted in faeces after clinical signs disappeared - active carriage
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**Bacteria can survive intracellularly, avioding the immune system and antimicrobials
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**May have latent carriage and intermittent excretion in faeces
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**Stress promotes excretion in carrier animals
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**Tortoises, terrapins, snakes and other reptiles ofter carry ''Salmonellae''
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**Asymptomatic carriage allows faecal spread of infection
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===Clinical infections===
 
===Clinical infections===
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*Zoonotic
 
*Some serotypes are host-specific, some are not
 
*Some serotypes are host-specific, some are not
 
*''S.'' Tymphimurium infects many species; causes severe diarrhoea; non-invasive; causes of food poisoning in humans, e.g. from infected poultry
 
*''S.'' Tymphimurium infects many species; causes severe diarrhoea; non-invasive; causes of food poisoning in humans, e.g. from infected poultry
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*''S.'' Abortus-equi: infects horses outside of the UK
 
*''S.'' Abortus-equi: infects horses outside of the UK
 
*''S.'' Typhi, ''S.'' Paratyphi: infect humans
 
*''S.'' Typhi, ''S.'' Paratyphi: infect humans
 
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*Most human infections contracted from animals, especially poulty and cattle
    
===Diagnosis===
 
===Diagnosis===
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