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| ==Structure== | | ==Structure== |
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− | *The inestines occupy the caudal part of the body
| + | The '''inestines''' occupy the caudal part of the body. They contact the reproductive organs and the '''[[Gizzard - Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]]'''. The '''small intestine''' is long and relatively uniform in shape and size. There is no demarcation between the '''[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]''' and the '''[[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]]'''. |
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− | *Contacts the reproductive organs and [[Gizzard - Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]]
| + | [[Image:Duodenum Avian Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Anatomy of the Avian Duodenum and Pancreas - RVC 2008]] |
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− | *The small intestine is long and relatively uniform in shape and size
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− | *There is no demarcation between the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] and the [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]]
| + | The '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]''' passes caudally over the '''[[Gizzard - Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]]''' then loops back towards the stomach where it joins the '''[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]'''. It arises from the right dorsal aspect of the '''[[Gizzard - Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]]'''. The loop lies ventral on the abdominal floor and the '''[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]]''' lies within the loops. 3 '''pancreatic ducts''' and one '''bile duct''' enter the caudal '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]''' at a common papila. |
− | [[Image:Duodenum Avian Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Anatomy of the Avian Duodenum and Pancreas - RVC 2008]]
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− | *The [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]] passes caudally over the [[Gizzard - Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]] then loops back towards the stomach where it joins the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]
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− | **Arises from the right dorsal aspect of the [[Gizzard - Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]]
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− | **Loop lies ventral on the abdominal floor
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− | **The [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]] lies within the loops
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− | **3 pancreatic ducts and one bile duct enter the caudal [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]] at a common papila
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− | *[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|Jejunum]]
| + | ===[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|Jejunum]]=== |
− | **Loose coils around the mesentery
| + | The jejunum has loose coils around the mesentery. It has thin walls so its content appears green. It is suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery. |
− | **Thin walls so content appears green
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− | **Suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery
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− | *[[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|Ileum]]
| + | ===[[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|Ileum]]=== |
− | **Begins opposite the apices of the caeca or at the vitelline diverticula
| + | The ileum begins opposite the apices of the '''caeca''' or at the '''vitelline diverticula'''. It is suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery . |
− | **Suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery
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− | [[Image:Colon and Caeca Anatomy Avian.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Anatomy of the Avian Colon and Caeca - RVC 2008]]
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− | *A short [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]
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− | **The colon lies ventral to the synsacrum and opens into the [[Avian Vent and Cloaca - Anatomy & Physiology|cloaca]]
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− | **Runs ventral to the vertebrae
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− | **Terminates in the coprodeum
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− | **Amino acids and glucose can be absorbed
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− | *2 caeca from the ileocaecal junction run with the ileum caudally
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− | **Blind sacs about 16-18cm long
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− | **Extend towards the [[Avian Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] then fold back on themselves
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− | **Mesentery runs between the caeca then on towards the [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]]
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− | **Often contain dark coloured material
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− | **3 parts of each caeca
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− | **Bacterial breakdown of cellulose occurs
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− | **Antiperistaltic movements transport chyme
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− | **Caeca emptied a few times per day
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− | *Unlike mammals, there are no lacteals in the epithelium
| + | [[Image:Colon and Caeca Anatomy Avian.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Anatomy of the Avian Colon and Caeca - RVC 2008]] |
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− | ==Vitelline Diverticula== | + | ===[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]=== |
− | [[Image:Vitelline Diverticula.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Vitelline Diverticula Anatomy- RVC 2008]] | + | The short colon lies ventral to the '''synsacrum''' and opens into the '''[[Avian Vent and Cloaca - Anatomy & Physiology|cloaca]]'''. It runs ventral to the vertebrae and terminates in the '''coprodeum'''. Amino acids and glucose can be absorbed here. |
− | *Small outgrowth on the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]
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− | *Former connection will yolk sac
| + | 2 '''caeca''' from the '''ileocaecal junction''' run with the '''ileum''' caudally. They are blind sacs, about 16-18cm long. They extend towards the [[Avian Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] then fold back on themselves. The mesentery runs between the caeca then on towards the [[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]]. It often contains dark coloured material. There are 3 parts of each caeca. It is where the bacterial breakdown of cellulose occurs. Antiperistaltic movements transport chyme and the caeca are emptied a few times per day. Unlike mammals, there are no lacteals in the epithelium. |
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− | *Also called Meckel's diverticulum
| + | ===Vitelline Diverticula=== |
| + | [[Image:Vitelline Diverticula.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Vitelline Diverticula Anatomy- RVC 2008]] |
| + | The vitelline diverticula is a small outgrowth on the '''[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]'''. It is the former connection with the yolk sac. It is also called '''Meckel's diverticulum'''. |
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| ==Function== | | ==Function== |
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− | *See [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
| + | See '''[[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine overview]]'''. |
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| ==Vasculature== | | ==Vasculature== |
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− | *See [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
| + | See '''[[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine overview]]'''. |
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| ==Innervation== | | ==Innervation== |
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− | *See [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
| + | See '''[[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine overview]]'''. |
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| ==Lymphatics== | | ==Lymphatics== |
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− | *Patches of lymphoid nodules are present in [[Peyer's Patches - Anatomy & Physiology|Peyer's Patches]]
| + | Patches of lymphoid nodules are present in '''[[Peyer's Patches - Anatomy & Physiology|Peyer's Patches]]'''. They are most abundant in the '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]'''. There are no mesenteric lymph nodes. |
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− | *Most abundant in the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]
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− | *No mesenteric lymph nodes
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− | ==[[Avian Intestines - Histology|Histology]]==
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| ==Species Differences== | | ==Species Differences== |
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− | *Duck and goose have several loops of 'U' shaped [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]
| + | The '''duck''' and '''goose''' have several loops of 'U' shaped [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]. '''Pigeons''' have a circular mass of [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] with inner and outer turns. A long caeca is present in the '''turkey''' and '''chicken'''. '''Pigeons''' and song birds have a short caeca. '''Parrots''' do not have caeca. The dorsal and ventral lobes of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]] are connected dorsally in '''poultry'''. |
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− | *Pigeons have a circular mass of [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]] with inner and outer turns
| + | ==Links== |
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− | *Long caeca in turkey and chicken
| + | '''Test Yourself with the [[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract Flashcards]]''' |
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− | *Pigeons and song birds have short caeca
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− | *Parrots do not have caeca
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− | *The dorsal and ventral lobes of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]] are connected dorsally in poultry
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− | ==Test Yourself with the Avian Alimentary System Flashcards==
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− | [[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract Flashcards]] | |
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− | ==Links==
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− | [[:Category:Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]] | + | '''Click here for information on the [[:Category:Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]]''' |
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− | [[:Category:Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]] | + | '''Click here for more information on the [[:Category:Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]]''' |
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| + | '''Click here for [[Avian Intestines - Histology|Avian histology]]''' |
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| [[Category:Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]] | | [[Category:Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
| [[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]] | | [[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]] |
− | [[Category:To Do - A&P]] | + | [[Category:To Do - AimeeHicks]] |