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'''''Habronema muscae, H. majus''''' and '''''Draschia megastoma''''' are frequently reported spirurids in donkeys (Pandey ''et al'', 1994). Although the adults are considered to be non-pathogenic, the formation of large granulomas/tumours in the stomach by ''D. megastoma'' may interfere mechanically with its function. These lesions are frequent findings in the fundus region of the stomach of donkeys, often protruding into the lumen.

'''''Habronema muscae, H. majus''''' and '''''Draschia megastoma''''' are frequently reported spirurids in donkeys (Pandey ''et al'', 1994). Although the adults are considered to be non-pathogenic, the formation of large granulomas/tumours in the stomach by ''D. megastoma'' may interfere mechanically with its function. These lesions are frequent findings in the fundus region of the stomach of donkeys, often protruding into the lumen.

The life cycle involves an intermediate host, such as the stable fly, [[Biting Flies#Stomoxys calcitrans|''Stomoxys calicitrans'']], or the housefly, [[Nuisance Flies#Musca spp.|''Musca domestica'']]. The sprurid and the fly develop synchronously after the fly maggot has ingested larvae in the faeces. ''H. muscae'' and ''D. megastoma'' develop in the housefly, while ''H. majus'' develops in the stable fly. By the time the young fly is ready to seek a host the larvae become infective. The larvae are released onto the skin as the fly feeds and are ingested by the animal during grooming. Infection can also occur if the fly is swallowed. Only larvae gaining direct access to the stomach complete their development.

The life cycle involves an intermediate host, such as the stable fly, [[Stomoxys calcitrans|''Stomoxys calicitrans'']], or the housefly, [[Musca spp.|''Musca domestica'']]. The sprurid and the fly develop synchronously after the fly maggot has ingested larvae in the faeces. ''H. muscae'' and ''D. megastoma'' develop in the housefly, while ''H. majus'' develops in the stable fly. By the time the young fly is ready to seek a host the larvae become infective. The larvae are released onto the skin as the fly feeds and are ingested by the animal during grooming. Infection can also occur if the fly is swallowed. Only larvae gaining direct access to the stomach complete their development.

Diagnosis of stomach-worm infection is difficult because the eggs are not observed in routine faecal examination.

Diagnosis of stomach-worm infection is difficult because the eggs are not observed in routine faecal examination.