Changes

'''Sorting of long fibre''': When the fibre in a total mixed ration is longer than 10cm, cows tend to sift through the diet and consume smaller, more palatable particles and the pieces of forage too small to sort out. This alters the concentrate-to-forage dry matter ratio which is actually eaten by the cow (even if it is correct in the diet presented to the animals), which increases the risk of developing subacute rumenal acidosis. There is the additional problem in this situation that animals lower down the hierarchy, such as heifers, will eat the remainder of the sorted diet and thus not receive tbe energy they require. Both groups of animals are then likely to be in negative energy balance, but for different reasons.

'''Sorting of long fibre''': When the fibre in a total mixed ration is longer than 10cm, cows tend to sift through the diet and consume smaller, more palatable particles and the pieces of forage too small to sort out. This alters the concentrate-to-forage dry matter ratio which is actually eaten by the cow (even if it is correct in the diet presented to the animals), which increases the risk of developing subacute rumenal acidosis. There is the additional problem in this situation that animals lower down the hierarchy, such as heifers, will eat the remainder of the sorted diet and thus not receive tbe energy they require. Both groups of animals are then likely to be in negative energy balance, but for different reasons.

'''Slug feeding of concentrates in the milking parlour''':

'''Slug-feeding of concentrates in the milking parlour''': If relatively large quantities of concentrates are supplied over a short period of time, rapid fermentation occurs and the rumen pH fluctuates more widely than if a less carbohydrate-rich diet is consumed more steadily. The pH also remains low for longer. ubstitution effects may also take place as the consumption of more concentrate can lower the subsequent forage intake. These factors combined can lead to the development of SARA.

It' giealtei- th.an 3 to 4 kg-, of co-ceniiti ates arc fed at a timlie.

 

I-Lillmen IpH is likelx to tall anid i-emiiain loxW fol- mnLIchI of

the time. The pi-ohlemi is comI)pounided if cox\x7 aIre receCixinc

a TMR at the Itcd bhai-i iei- that is hiTh inI en-erx

coni-pari-ed to gri-ass silalc. It mIulst he remicemicber-ed that

suIbstitution effects xvill also he oCCurlrine so that, the

miore cake is fed, the less foraoc xxill be coIlsumLIed. In

the conitext ol' 1K ag1i cuIltuIre, tIlC aIthor- considers this

pr-actice of hxhl-id TMR feedii-Ig to bc a miajoi factoIr iII

'''Food deprivation and irregular feeding''':

'''Food deprivation and irregular feeding''':