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| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Systemic Mycoses]] |
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| − | {{toplink
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| − | |linkpage =Fungi
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| − | <br>
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| − | ==Adiaspiromycosis==
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| − | *Haplomycosis
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| − | *''Emmonsia crescens''
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| − | **Does not proliferate within the animal body
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| − | **Each spore develops into a thick-walled spherule called an '''adiaspore'''
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| − | *''Chrysosporium parvum, C. crescens''
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| − | *Non-contageous, pulmonary mycosis
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| − | *Worldwide
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| − | *Found in soil
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| − | *Affects burrowing rodents and small animals
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| − | *Respiratory infection
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| − | *Spetate hyphae with large numbers of small, round conidia either singly or in groups on the ends of the short conidiospores can be seen
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| − | *Dimorphic
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| − | *Grows on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar and Blood agar
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| − | ==Aspergillosis==
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| − | *''Aspergillus fumigatus'' causes [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]] and in [[Respiratory Fungal Infections - Pathology#|respiratory tract inflammation]], also [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of sinusitis|sinusitis]], [[Guttural Pouches Inflammatory - Pathology|guttural pouch mycosis]]
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| − | *Sometimes appears on [[Nasal Cavity Hyperplastic and Neoplastic - Pathology#Progressive ethmoidal haematoma|lesions of ethmoidal haematoma]]
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| − | *May cause [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|COPD]]
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| − | ==Blastomycosis==
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| − | *North America
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| − | ==Coccidioidomycosis==
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| − | *''Coccidioides immitis''
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| − | *Ocurs in the soil
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| − | **Respiratory infections
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| − | **Most commonly seen following dust storms
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| − | *Occurs in arid regions
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| − | **E.g. South West USA and Mexico
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| − | *Non-contageous, systemic mycosis
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| − | *Affects dogs, cattle, sheep and humans
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| − | *Mainly affects the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]]
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| − | **Dissemination can occur to other organs
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| − | *Causes nodule or granuloma formation
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| − | **Localised
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| − | **Gross lesions resemble [[Mycobacteria spp.#Bovine tuberculosis|Tb]] in cattle as are usually seen in the bronchial and mediastinal [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]] and occasionally [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]]
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| − | **Dissemination can occur, especially in primates and dogs, to the [[Lungs - Anatomy & Physiology|lungs]], [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]], [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]], [[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology|brain]] and [[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology|bones]]
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| − | *Thick-walled spherules in tissue
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| − | **Large sporangia burst leaving 'ghost' spherules
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| − | *Saprophytic phase consists of coarse, septate, branching hyphae which fragment into thick-walled, barrel-shaped arthrospores which alternate with empty cells
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| − | **Stained by Lactose Phenol Cotton Blue
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| − | *Grows on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar and Blood agar
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| − | **Flat, moist colonies which develop a coarse, cotton-like aerial mycelium which varies from white to brown in colour
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| − | *Complement fixation test, latex agglutination and immunodiffusion tests can all be used
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| − | **A positive skin test indicates exposure
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| − | ==Entomophthoromycisus==
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| − | *Basidiobolmycosis
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| − | ==Histoplasmosis==
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| − | *''Histoplasma capsulatum''
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| − | *Non-contageous, systemic mycosis
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| − | *Commonly pulmonary infections occur
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| − | **Other organs can be involved
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| − | **Involves the reticuloendothelial system
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| − | **Intestinal form can also occur
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| − | *Acute and chronic disease can occur
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| − | *Endemic to the USA
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| − | **Isolated cases have been reported in Europe
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| − | *Respiratory infection
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| − | **Infection via ingestion can also occur
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| − | *Affects dogs, cats, cattle, horses and humans
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| − | *Found in soil contaminated by bird droppings, decaying vegetation and in caves inhabited by bats
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| − | *Fine, branching, septate hyphae with smooth-walled pyriform to spherical microconidia and large, thick-walled tuberculate macroconidia on simple conidiophores
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| − | *Dimorphic fungi
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| − | *Hard to demonstrate in smears as the organisms is very small
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| − | **Stain with Giemsa or Wright and examine under oil immersion lens
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| − | *Present intracellularly in macrophages as oval yeast cells with few buds
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| − | **Clear halo is seen around the darker staining central material
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| − | *Grows on Sabouraud's Dextrose agar
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| − | **Creamy white turning tan and then brown
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| − | *Also grows on Blood agar
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| − | **Small, white yeast-like colonies
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| − | *Test using immunodiffusion, complement fixation and counterimmunoelectrophoresis
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| − | **Skin test of little value as it only indicates exposure
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| − | *Treatment with [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|Amphotericin B]]
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| − | **If [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|Amphotericin B]] is contra-indicated, [[Antifungal Drugs#Imidazoles|imidazoles]] can be given orally
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| − | *THe prognosis is poor in acute and disseminated cases
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| − | ==Zygomycosis==
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| − | *Mucormycosis
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| − | ==Further Links==
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| − | *[[Antifungal Drugs]]
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