Introduction

Also known as: Horse flies
  • Large flies
  • Found worldwide
  • Attack a wide variety of animals, including humans
  • Important veterinary species are
    • Tabanus
    • Chrysops
    • Haematopota


Recognition

  • 2.5cm long
  • Biting mouthparts
    • Short, strong and down pointing proboscis
    • Only females suck blood
  • Dark colour with stripes or patches of colour on body and wings
  • Large eyes
    • Often brightly coloured
  • Specific wing venation
    • Closed discal cell shape
  • Stout


Life Cycle

  • Eggs laid on leaves overhanging water
  • Larvae drop into water
  • 1 year later larvae emerge onto dry land to pupate
  • Adult flies emerge a few weeks after pupating
  • Life cycle takes over 1 year to complete


Pathogenesis

  • Most active on hot, sunny days
  • Locate prey by sight
  • Cause painful irritating bites
  • Intermediate hosts for some trypanosome diseases