Difference between revisions of "Toroviruses Flashcards"

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<FlashCard questions="14">
 
<FlashCard questions="14">
|q1=What family do the ''Toroviruses'' belong to?
+
|q1=What family do the Toroviruses belong to?
 
|a1=''Coronaviridae''
 
|a1=''Coronaviridae''
 
|l1=Toroviruses#Introduction
 
|l1=Toroviruses#Introduction
|q2=What type of viruses are ''Toroviruses'' and what are their properties?
+
|q2=What type of viruses are Toroviruses and what are their properties?
 
|a2=  
 
|a2=  
 
*Enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses
 
*Enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses
 
*Pleomorphic
 
*Pleomorphic
 
*120-140 nm in diameter
 
*120-140 nm in diameter
*Relatively stable in acid or alkaline environment between pH 2.5-10.
+
*Relatively stable in acid or alkaline environment between pH 2.5-10
 
|l2= Toroviruses#Introduction
 
|l2= Toroviruses#Introduction
|q3= What are the names given to ''Toroviruses'' found in horses?
+
|q3= What are the names given to Toroviruses found in horses?
 
|a3=
 
|a3=
 
*Equine torovirus (ETV)
 
*Equine torovirus (ETV)
 
*Prototype Berne virus
 
*Prototype Berne virus
 
|l3= Toroviruses#Introduction
 
|l3= Toroviruses#Introduction
|q4= What are the names given to ''Toroviruses'' found in cattle?
+
|q4= What are the names given to Toroviruses found in cattle?
 
|a4=
 
|a4=
 
*Bovine torovirus (BoTV)
 
*Bovine torovirus (BoTV)
 
*Prototype Breda virus
 
*Prototype Breda virus
 
|l4= Toroviruses#Introduction
 
|l4= Toroviruses#Introduction
|q5= What species are the ''Toroviruses'' found in?
+
|q5= What species are the Toroviruses found in?
 
|a5=
 
|a5=
 
Hosts include:
 
Hosts include:
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*Humans
 
*Humans
 
|l5= Toroviruses#Signalment
 
|l5= Toroviruses#Signalment
|q6= What are the clinical signs of the ''Toroviruses'' in cattle?
+
|q6= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cattle?
 
|a6=
 
|a6=
 
In all ages of cattle it can cause:
 
In all ages of cattle it can cause:
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Young, colostrum-deprived calves are particularly at risk.  
 
Young, colostrum-deprived calves are particularly at risk.  
 
|l6= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
 
|l6= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
|q7= What are the clinical signs of the ''Toroviruses'' in cats?
+
|q7= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cats?
 
|a7=
 
|a7=
 
*Diarrhoea
 
*Diarrhoea
 
*Protruding nictating membranes
 
*Protruding nictating membranes
 
|l7= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
 
|l7= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
|q8= What are the clinical signs of the ''Toroviruses'' in pigs?
+
|q8= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in pigs?
 
|a8=
 
|a8=
 
Pigs can shed the torovirus without showing any symptoms of disease.
 
Pigs can shed the torovirus without showing any symptoms of disease.
 
|l8= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
 
|l8= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
|q9= How is the ''Torovirus'' transmitted?
+
|q9= How is the Torovirus transmitted?
 
|a9=
 
|a9=
It is presumed that it is spread via the faecal-oral route and spread through subclinical or chronically infected cattle.
+
It is presumed that it is spread via the faecal-oral route and through subclinical or chronically infected cattle.
 
|l9= Toroviruses#Epidemiology
 
|l9= Toroviruses#Epidemiology
|q10= What is the distribution of ''Toroviruses''?
+
|q10= What is the distribution of Toroviruses?
|a10=Worldwide in cattle and horses.
+
|a10=Worldwide in cattle and horses
 
|l10= Toroviruses#Distribution
 
|l10= Toroviruses#Distribution
|q11= How is the ''Torovirus'' detected?
+
|q11= How is the Torovirus detected?
 
|a11=
 
|a11=
 
Diagnostic methods include a combination of:
 
Diagnostic methods include a combination of:
 
*Electron microscopy
 
*Electron microscopy
*Immuno-electron microscopy (IEM)- which can differentiate the ''Toroviruses'' from ''Coronaviruses'
+
*Immuno-electron microscopy (IEM)- which can differentiate the Toroviruses from Coronaviruses
 
*Haemagglutination inhibition
 
*Haemagglutination inhibition
*ELISA.
+
*ELISA
 
|l11= Toroviruses#Diagnosis
 
|l11= Toroviruses#Diagnosis
 
|q12= What effect does the virus have on the intestinal wall?
 
|q12= What effect does the virus have on the intestinal wall?
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*Thinning of intestinal wall
 
*Thinning of intestinal wall
 
|l12= Toroviruses#Diagnosis
 
|l12= Toroviruses#Diagnosis
|q13= How do you treat for ''Torovirus'' infections?
+
|q13= How do you treat for Torovirus infections?
 
|a13=
 
|a13=
 
There is no specific treatment; only supportive fluid treatment for diarrhoea and antibiotics for secondary infections.  
 
There is no specific treatment; only supportive fluid treatment for diarrhoea and antibiotics for secondary infections.  
 
|l13=Toroviruses#Treatment
 
|l13=Toroviruses#Treatment
|q14= How do you control ''Toroviruses''?
+
|q14= How do you control Toroviruses?
 
|a14=
 
|a14=
 
*Isolation of infected animals
 
*Isolation of infected animals
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[[Category: Virus Flashcards]]
 
[[Category: Virus Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
 
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
 
+
[[Category:Cattle Flashcards]]
[[Category: To Do - CABI review]]
+
[[Category:Horse Flashcards]]

Latest revision as of 16:43, 4 July 2011

Question Answer Article
What family do the Toroviruses belong to? Link to Article
What type of viruses are Toroviruses and what are their properties? Link to Article
What are the names given to Toroviruses found in horses? Link to Article
What are the names given to Toroviruses found in cattle? Link to Article
What species are the Toroviruses found in? Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cattle? Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cats? Link to Article
What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in pigs? Link to Article
How is the Torovirus transmitted? Link to Article
What is the distribution of Toroviruses? Link to Article
How is the Torovirus detected? Link to Article
What effect does the virus have on the intestinal wall? Link to Article
How do you treat for Torovirus infections? Link to Article
How do you control Toroviruses? Link to Article