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Uterine Inertia (view source)

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* Protracted birth due to ~~weak or absent uterine contractions~~.

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==Introduction==

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Uterine inertia describes the '''failure of the uterus''' to expel a foetus normally and is a common cause of [[Dystocia - Dog & Cat|'''canine and feline dystocia''']].

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Uterine inertia can be '''primary or secondary'''.

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=== Primary Uterine Inertia ===

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== Primary Uterine Inertia ==

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This describes the '''total or partial absence of contractions''' to expel a normal foetus through an unobstructed birth canal.

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* Lack of Oxytocin Receptors

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Several causes have been found:

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* Lack or failure of Oxytocin release

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:'''Breed predisposition'''

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* Lack or failure in Prostaglandin release

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:'''Large litter''' overstretching the uterus

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* Obesity and lack of excercise in bitches. ~~The small foetus~~ cannot apply enough pressure on the uterine wall and cervix to set up the [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Fergusson reflex]].

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:'''Small litter''' not stimulating the uterus enough. Small foetuses cannot apply enough pressure on the uterine wall and cervix to set up the [[Parturition Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Fergusson reflex]].

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* Foetus is too small, ~~or not entering cervix~~.

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:'''Systemic disease''': Obesity and lack of excercise, hypocalcaemia, septicaemia.

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Complete primary uterine inertia occurs if '''2nd stage labour''' does not begin. Partial inertia occurs if the 2nd stage begins but contractions soon fail.

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=== Secondary Uterine Inertia ===

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== Secondary Uterine Inertia ==

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Uterine muscles become '''exhausted after prolonged contractio'''n against an obstructing or oversized foetus or during birth of a large litter. There is usually subclinical '''hypocalcaemia and/or hypoglycaemia'''.

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This can occur in the sow, bitch and guinea pig.

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<big>'''See also: [[Dystocia - Dog & Cat|Dystocia in the Dog and Cat]]'''</big>

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{{Learning

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|flashcards = [[Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery Q&A 12]]

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}}

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==References==

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Pasquini, C. (1999) '''Tschauner's Guide to Small Animal Clinics''' ''Sudz Publishing''

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Slatter, D. (2002) '''Textbook of small animal surgery''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''

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Noakes, D. (2001) '''Arthur's Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''

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[[Category:To Do - Helen]]

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[[Category:To Do - Review]]

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* Dystocia with subsequent muscle failure

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* Large number or size of offspring causes the uterine muscle to become stretched and fatigued.

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* Common in sow, bitch and guinea pig

[[Category:Reproductive Disorders]][[Category:Parturition]][[Category:Reproductive Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:To Do - Clinical]]

HelenD

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