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− | {{review}}
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| Chronic inflammation can be a direct cause of delayed healing or can be an effect of delayed healing. | | Chronic inflammation can be a direct cause of delayed healing or can be an effect of delayed healing. |
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| on the circumstances, the species of bacteria will vary. For example Gram-negative | | on the circumstances, the species of bacteria will vary. For example Gram-negative |
| species from faecal contamination will often infect a wound on | | species from faecal contamination will often infect a wound on |
− | the foot or distal limb. [[Staphylococcus spp.|Staphylococcal]] and [[Streptococci|Streptococcal]] infections are | + | the foot or distal limb. [[:Category:Staphylococcus species|Staphylococcal]] and [[:Category:Streptococcus species|Streptococcal]] infections are |
| common contaminants of skin wounds because they may be normal skin | | common contaminants of skin wounds because they may be normal skin |
| commensals. | | commensals. |
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| remove/control and will inevitably have a harmful effect on healing. | | remove/control and will inevitably have a harmful effect on healing. |
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− | Bacterial species (such as [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia species|''Pseudomonas'']], [[Bacillus species|''Baccillus'']] or [[Proteus|''Proteus'']] as well as | + | Bacterial species (such as [[:Category:Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species|''Pseudomonas'']], [[Bacillus species|''Baccillus'']] or [[Proteus|''Proteus'']] as well as |
| some fungi) that produce collagenase (or other destructive) enzymes have | | some fungi) that produce collagenase (or other destructive) enzymes have |
| a profound effect on healing by destruction of the collagen matrix, and so | | a profound effect on healing by destruction of the collagen matrix, and so |
| the inflammatory response cannot effectively close the wound. Infection | | the inflammatory response cannot effectively close the wound. Infection |
− | with ''Staphylococcus aureus'' can cause pyogranuloma within the wound site. | + | with ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' can cause pyogranuloma within the wound site. |
| Clinically this resembles both granulation tissue and [[Sarcoid - Donkey|sarcoid]]. | | Clinically this resembles both granulation tissue and [[Sarcoid - Donkey|sarcoid]]. |
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| Parasitic and fungal infections can occur under particular circumstances. | | Parasitic and fungal infections can occur under particular circumstances. |
| Infestation, for example, with [[Spirurids - Donkey|''Habronema musca'']] or the larvae of certain | | Infestation, for example, with [[Spirurids - Donkey|''Habronema musca'']] or the larvae of certain |
− | [[Myiasis Producing Flies|flies (myiasis)]] retards healing. The larvae of ''Lucilia sericata'', however, have | + | [[Blowfly Strike|flies (myiasis)]] retards healing. The larvae of ''Lucilia sericata'', however, have |
| been found to have a beneficial debriding effect in some wounds under | | been found to have a beneficial debriding effect in some wounds under |
| controlled conditions (Mulder, 1989), but others can be highly destructive | | controlled conditions (Mulder, 1989), but others can be highly destructive |
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| enclosed surface. Puncture wounds are notorious for the development of | | enclosed surface. Puncture wounds are notorious for the development of |
| these conditions and this provides an ideal circumstance for some of the | | these conditions and this provides an ideal circumstance for some of the |
− | most serious [[Clostridium species|Clostridial infections]]. [[Clostridium species#Clostridium tetani|''Clostridium tetani'']] is the classic anaerobic | + | most serious [[:Category:Clostridium species|Clostridial infections]]. [[Clostridium tetani|''Clostridium tetani'']] is the classic anaerobic |
| wound contaminant and is widely feared. [[Penicillins|Penicillin]] is highly effective | | wound contaminant and is widely feared. [[Penicillins|Penicillin]] is highly effective |
| against ''Clostridium spp.'' bacteria and there is no rationale for using any other | | against ''Clostridium spp.'' bacteria and there is no rationale for using any other |
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| [[Image:Friction wound.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Friction wound (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]] | | [[Image:Friction wound.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Friction wound (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]] |
| [[Image:Flushing a friction wound.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Flushing a friction wound with saline (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]] | | [[Image:Flushing a friction wound.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Flushing a friction wound with saline (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]] |
− | [[Donkey - Traumatic Skin disorders|Repeated trauma]] to a wound site is a common cause of failure of wound | + | [[Traumatic Skin Disorders - Donkey|Repeated trauma]] to a wound site is a common cause of failure of wound |
| healing in donkeys. Direct trauma from tack or harness is a common | | healing in donkeys. Direct trauma from tack or harness is a common |
| feature of wounds that arise directly from this in the first place and is a | | feature of wounds that arise directly from this in the first place and is a |
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| * Excessive tension in the margins of the wound (often due to incorrect suturing techniques) | | * Excessive tension in the margins of the wound (often due to incorrect suturing techniques) |
| * Accumulated exudate/dead space/pocketing | | * Accumulated exudate/dead space/pocketing |
− | * pH variations (usually alkaline). Ideally the pH of a wound should be around normal physiological pH or very slightly acidic (i.e. between pH 6.5 and 7.0). Alteration of the pH of a wound site is often a consequence of infection or wound dressings and solutions. A physiological state should be maintained as far as possible unless there are specific and defined reasons to alter this, for example, [[Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia species|''Pseudomonas spp.'']] infection, where a more acidic environment will help control the bacterial replication. | + | * pH variations (usually alkaline). Ideally the pH of a wound should be around normal physiological pH or very slightly acidic (i.e. between pH 6.5 and 7.0). Alteration of the pH of a wound site is often a consequence of infection or wound dressings and solutions. A physiological state should be maintained as far as possible unless there are specific and defined reasons to alter this, for example, [[:Category:Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species|''Pseudomonas spp.'']] infection, where a more acidic environment will help control the bacterial replication. |
| * Poor surface oxygenation (this can be a result of dressings but more often is due to abnormal biofilms over the wound site that reduce surface gas exchange) | | * Poor surface oxygenation (this can be a result of dressings but more often is due to abnormal biofilms over the wound site that reduce surface gas exchange) |
| * Low or high temperature | | * Low or high temperature |
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| to heal for no apparent reason. | | to heal for no apparent reason. |
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− | ==[[Sarcoid - Donkey|'''Cell transformation/sarcoid''']]== | + | ==[[Sarcoid - Donkey#Cell Transformation|'''Cell transformation/sarcoid''']]== |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| |linkpage =Wound Management - Donkey | | |linkpage =Wound Management - Donkey |
| |linktext =Wound Management - Donkey | | |linktext =Wound Management - Donkey |
− | |rspace={{Donkey}}
| |
| |pagetype=Donkey | | |pagetype=Donkey |
| }} | | }} |
| + | {{infotable |
| + | |Maintitle = [[Sponsors#The Donkey Sanctuary|This section was sponsored and content provided by '''THE DONKEY SANCTUARY''']] |
| + | |Maintitlebackcolour = B4CDCD |
| + | }} |
| + | [[Category:Donkey]] |
| + | [[Category:Wound_Management_-_Donkey]] |