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==Muscles of the Hindlimb==

==Muscles of the Hindlimb==

===Girdle Musculature===

===Girdle Musculature===

*These muscles arise from the ventral aspect of the lumbar vertebrae and will insert on either the pelvis or femur. They are also known as the '''sublumbar muscles'''.

 

* Their main function is to:

These muscles arise from the ventral aspect of the lumbar vertebrae and will insert on either the pelvis or femur. They are also known as the '''sublumbar muscles'''. Their main function is to stabilise the vertebral column and pelvis during locomotion and for control of dorsiflexion and ventriflexion of the spine.

** Stabilise the vertebral column and pelvis during locomotion.

 

** Control dorsiflexion and ventriflexion of the spine.

The '''Psoas Minor'''

* The '''Psoas Minor'''

 

** Function: flexion of the vertebral column during the stance phase. Stabilisation of the vertebral column.

Function: flexion of the vertebral column during the stance phase. Stabilisation of the vertebral column.

** Origin: 2nd-3rd caudal thoracic vertebrae on their ventral aspect and the 4th/5th cranial lumbar vertebrae

 

** Insertion: via a strong tendon to the psoas tubercle of the femoral shaft.

Origin: 2nd-3rd caudal thoracic vertebrae on their ventral aspect and the 4th/5th cranial lumbar vertebrae.

* The '''Iliopsoas''' - the strongest muscle of the girdle

 

** Function: Flexion of the hip and outward rotation of the stifle. ie. draws hindlimb forward

Insertion: via a strong tendon to the psoas tubercle of the femoral shaft.

 

The '''Iliopsoas'''

 

The strongest muscle of the girdle.

 

Function: Flexion of the hip and outward rotation of the stifle. ie. draws hindlimb forward

** In all animals, except carnivores where they are fused, the muscle can be divided into two distinct parts.

** In all animals, except carnivores where they are fused, the muscle can be divided into two distinct parts.

** The '''Greater Psoas''' - the lumbar portion.

** The '''Greater Psoas''' - the lumbar portion.