Changes

'''Short bowel syndrome''' occurs when greater than 75-90% of the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] is absent.  It is most commonly caused by iatrogenic surgical resection, although congenital anomaly can occur in rare cases.  The remaining [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] cannot adequately absorb nutrients and electrolytes, resulting in [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]].  If the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|ileocolic valve]] has been removed, large number of bacteria is more likely to reach the small intestine.  Changes in gastrointestinal hormone regulation such as hypergastrinaemia and increased acid secretion may occur.

'''Short bowel syndrome''' occurs when greater than 75-90% of the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] is absent.  It is most commonly caused by iatrogenic surgical resection, although congenital anomaly can occur in rare cases.  The remaining [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] cannot adequately absorb nutrients and electrolytes, resulting in [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]].  If the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|ileocolic valve]] has been removed, large number of bacteria is more likely to reach the small intestine.  Changes in gastrointestinal hormone regulation such as hypergastrinaemia and increased acid secretion may occur.

This syndrome may only be transient until the remaining intestine can undergo adaptive [[Disorders of Cell Growth - Pathology#Hyperplasia|hyperplasia]].  However, it does not necessary occur in all cases of massive intestinal resection.  Large resection of intestine should ideally be avoided in the first instance.  If needed, it may be better to perform a second surgery 24-48 hours after the first surgery.

This syndrome may only be transient until the remaining intestine can undergo adaptive [[Cell Growth Disorders#Hyperplasia|hyperplasia]].  However, it does not necessary occur in all cases of massive intestinal resection.  Large resection of intestine should ideally be avoided in the first instance.  If needed, it may be better to perform a second surgery 24-48 hours after the first surgery.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

===Nutritional support===

===Nutritional support===

*Total or partial parenteral nutrition may be required to provide adequate nutrition until adaptive hyperplasia takes place.

*Total or partial parenteral nutrition may be required to provide adequate nutrition until adaptive hyperplasia takes place.

*At the same time, it is important to continue oral feeding to stimulate mucosal [[Disorders of Cell Growth - Pathology#Hypertrophy|hypertrophy]].

*At the same time, it is important to continue oral feeding to stimulate mucosal [[Cell Growth Disorders#Hypertrophy|hypertrophy]].

===Dietary modification===

===Dietary modification===