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Autonomic Nervous System - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 16:12, 12 March 2011
, 16:12, 12 March 2011→Types of SNS Neurotransmitters
A section regarding the type of neurotransmitter and its effect from both the SNS and PNS has been included to display the most common types of receptors and their function for the major body systems. The table below is not exhaustive but highlights the main neurotransmitters.
A section regarding the type of neurotransmitter and its effect from both the SNS and PNS has been included to display the most common types of receptors and their function for the major body systems. The table below is not exhaustive but highlights the main neurotransmitters.
===Types of SNS Neurotransmitters===
===Types of SNS Neurotransmitters===
The β1 adrenergic receptor is ''G protein-coupled'' and is associated with a number of physiological effects including increased viscous salivary secretions, increased heart rate and increased heart contractility. β1 receptors result in the upregulation of cAMP resulting in stimulatory effects. The β2 receptor is also an adrenergic receptor that is ''G protein-coupled''. β2 receptors have a wide range of effects (see table below).
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===Types of PNS Neurotransmitters===
===Types of PNS Neurotransmitters===
The PNS receptor M1 a muscarinic acetylcholinergic receptor that is part of the cholinergic receptor group and is a ''G protein-coupled'' receptor. M1 receptors are found within the ganglia of postganglionic nerves of the PNS. They are common in exocrine glands and are responsible for stimnulating effects including gastric acid secretion in the stomach and salviary gland secretion. The M2 receptor is also a muscarinic acetylchloine receptor and is also part of the cholinergic receptor group. M2 receptors are located in the heart and act via a ''G protein-coupled'' complex that causes a decrease in cAMP leading to cellular inhibition. M2 receptors have also been shown to modulate potassium channels within the heart further contributing to inhibitory effects on the heart. M3 receptors are also muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from the cholinergic receptor group. M3 receptors are located in many places in the body including smooth muscles, endocrine and exocrine glands. M3 receptors are also ''G protein-coupled'' and they have effects including increasing intracellular calcium in smooth muscle to increasing glandular secretions.
The PNS receptor M1 a muscarinic acetylcholinergic receptor that is part of the cholinergic receptor group and is a ''G protein-coupled'' receptor. M1 receptors are found within the ganglia of postganglionic nerves of the PNS. They are common in exocrine glands and are responsible for stimnulating effects including gastric acid secretion in the stomach and salviary gland secretion. The M2 receptor is also a muscarinic acetylchloine receptor and is also part of the cholinergic receptor group. M2 receptors are located in the heart and act via a ''G protein-coupled'' complex that causes a decrease in cAMP leading to cellular inhibition. M2 receptors have also been shown to modulate potassium channels within the heart further contributing to inhibitory effects on the heart. M3 receptors are also muscarinic acetylcholine receptors from the cholinergic receptor group. M3 receptors are located in many places in the body including smooth muscles, endocrine and exocrine glands. M3 receptors are also ''G protein-coupled'' and they have effects including increasing intracellular calcium in smooth muscle to increasing glandular secretions.