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− | <FlashCard questions="21"> | + | <FlashCard questions="20"> |
| |q1=Liver lesions are common because: | | |q1=Liver lesions are common because: |
− | |a1=it is an area of high metabolic activity<br>Receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system<br>Has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease) | + | |a1=Liver is an area of high metabolic activity<br>Receives toxic agents from the gut via the portal blood system<br>Has an extensive vascular supply (prime site for metastatic disease) |
| |l1=Liver - General Pathology | | |l1=Liver - General Pathology |
| |q2=In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected? | | |q2=In each type of jaundice, will bilirubinuria be detected? |
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| * Obstructive | | * Obstructive |
| * Hepatocellular | | * Hepatocellular |
− | |a2=NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated<br>YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates<br>NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage<br>NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate | + | |a2=Haemolytic NO - because most of bilirubin is unconjugated<br>Obstructive YES - because conjugated bilirubin accumulates<br>Hepatocellular NO - because bilirubin fails to conjugate due to liver cell damage<br>NB - the kidney can only excrete the water soluble conjugate |
| |l2=Icterus | | |l2=Icterus |
− | |q3=In regards to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants? | + | |q3=In regard to secondary photosensitisation, what are two hepatotoxic plants? |
− | |a3=''Senecio jacobea'' (Ragwort)<br>Lantana camara (Lantana)<br>Lupinus angustifolius (Lupins)<br>Blue-green algae | + | |a3=''Senecio jacobea'' (Ragwort)<br>''Lantana camara'' (Lantana)<br>''Lupinus angustifolius'' (Lupins)<br>Blue-green algae |
| |l3=Photosensitisation | | |l3=Photosensitisation |
| |q4=What are two causes of necrosis? | | |q4=What are two causes of necrosis? |
− | |a4=severe metabolic disturbances<br>Nutritional deficiencies<br>Toxic substances<br>Actions of micro-organisms | + | |a4=Severe metabolic disturbances<br>Nutritional deficiencies<br>Toxic substances<br>Actions of micro-organisms |
| |l4=Liver Necrosis | | |l4=Liver Necrosis |
| |q5=What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem? | | |q5=What can cause the liver to appear greenish-blue post mortem? |
− | |a5=bacteria degrades blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide | + | |a5=Bacteria degrade blood pigment to hydrogen sulfide |
| |l5=Liver Post Mortem#Gross | | |l5=Liver Post Mortem#Gross |
| |q6=True or false? | | |q6=True or false? |
| Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common. | | Cranial displacements of the liver are the most common. |
− | |a6=false | + | |a6=False |
| |l6=Liver Displacement | | |l6=Liver Displacement |
− | |q7=What occurs during Congestion? | + | |q7=What occurs during congestion? |
| |a7=The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver. | | |a7=The right side of the heart fails to function properly and blood will back up through the veins into the liver. |
| |l7=Liver Congestion, Passive | | |l7=Liver Congestion, Passive |
| |q8=True or false? | | |q8=True or false? |
| Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver. | | Congenital melanosis in calves and lambs appears as white discoloration of small irregular portions of the liver. |
− | |a8=false | + | |a8=False |
| |l8=Liver Pigmentation#Congenital melanosis | | |l8=Liver Pigmentation#Congenital melanosis |
| |q9=Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with? | | |q9=Hepatic lipidosis or fatty liver syndrome is associated with? |
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| |a12=Due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes<br>Manifest themselves as neurological disease | | |a12=Due to an inherited deficiency of lysosomal enzymes<br>Manifest themselves as neurological disease |
| |l12=Lysosomal Storage Disease | | |l12=Lysosomal Storage Disease |
− | |q13=Herpes virus infections include - | + | |q13=Herpes virus infections include: |
| |a13=Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis<br>Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Aujesky's disease in pigs | | |a13=Equine Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis<br>Feline Viral Rhinopneumonitis<br>Aujesky's disease in pigs |
− | |l13=:Category:Herpesviridae | + | |l13=:Category:Hepatitis, Viral |
− | |q14=You are examining a cow's liver post-necropsy. You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis. Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease? | + | |q14=You are examining a cow's liver at necropsy. You notice the liver has several small areas of necrosis. Is this more likely to be Black Disease or Red Water Disease? |
| |a14=Black Disease | | |a14=Black Disease |
| |l14=Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis | | |l14=Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis |
− | |q15=What are the two main types of Hepatitis in cats? | + | |q15=What are the two main types of hepatitis in cats? |
| |a15=Cholangitis<br>Lymphocytic portal hepatitis | | |a15=Cholangitis<br>Lymphocytic portal hepatitis |
| |l15=Cholangitis | | |l15=Cholangitis |
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| Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis. | | Use of carbon tetrachloride as an anthelmintic and phosphorous as a rodenticide has never been proven to produce liver necrosis. |
| |a16=False | | |a16=False |
− | |l16=:Category:Hepatotoxicity, Acute | + | |l16=Liver Necrosis#Zonal Necrosis |
| |q17=Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed - | | |q17=Pyrrolizidine alkaloids have an anti-mitotic effect whilst allowing continued synthesis within the cell and its nucleus. This causes a marked increase in the size of parenchymal cells, a phenomenon termed - |
− | |a17=megalocytosis | + | |a17=(Hepato)megalocytosis |
| |l17=Ragwort Toxicity | | |l17=Ragwort Toxicity |
− | |q18=What are the two most common primary hepatic neoplasms? | + | |q18=Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites? |
− | |a18=Liver cell tumours<br>Malignant bile duct tumours
| + | |a18=Spleen<br>Right auricle of the heart |
− | |l18=:Category:Liver, Primary Tumours
| + | |l18=Haemangiosarcoma |
− | |q19=Haemangiosarcoma can be primary in the liver, what are other predilection sites?
| + | |q19=True or false? |
− | |a19=Spleen<br>Right auricle of the heart | |
− | |l19=Haemangiosarcoma | |
− | |q20=True or false? | |
| Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats. | | Chronic lymphocytic cholangitis generally afflicts only very young cats. |
− | |a20=false | + | |a19=False |
| + | |l19=Cholangitis |
| + | |q20=What are two causes of cholangitis of the liver? |
| + | |a20=Ascending infections from the intestine<br>Associated with organisms excreted via the bile |
| |l20=Cholangitis | | |l20=Cholangitis |
− | |q21=What are two causes of Cholangitis of the liver?
| |
− | |a21=Ascending infections from the intestine<br>Associated with organisms excreted via the bile
| |
− | |l21=Cholangitis
| |
| </FlashCard> | | </FlashCard> |
| | | |
| [[Category:Alimentary Pathology Flashcards]] | | [[Category:Alimentary Pathology Flashcards]] |
| [[Category:Liver - Pathology]] | | [[Category:Liver - Pathology]] |
| + | [[Category:Liver and Gall Bladder Flashcards]] |
| + | [[Category:Nicola Parry reviewing]] |