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****Contains osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor stem cells in young animals and in adults with fractures or disease
 
****Contains osteoblasts and osteoprogenitor stem cells in young animals and in adults with fractures or disease
 
**Rich supply of nerves and lymph vessels
 
**Rich supply of nerves and lymph vessels
**Damage to the periosteum invokes a hyperplastic reaction of the inner layer
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**Damage to periosteum:
 
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***Invokes a hyperplastic reaction of the inner layer
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***Is painful
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***Exostoses can remodel or remain
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**Lifting of periosteum:
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***Causes new bone formation below
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**Circumferential incision (e.g. during [[Bones - fracture|fracture]])
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***Longitudinal bone growth results
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***May be only on one side where periosteum is damaged
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****Used by surgeons to treat angular limb deformities
 
*'''Blood vessels'''
 
*'''Blood vessels'''
 
**Nutrient, metaphyseal, periosteal arteries
 
**Nutrient, metaphyseal, periosteal arteries
Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
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