Changes

Avian adenoviruses affect '''chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and pheasants worldwide.'''

Avian adenoviruses affect '''chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys and pheasants worldwide.'''

Avian adenoviruses are easy to identify microscopically by their '''icosahedral shape''' and triangular facets of capsomeres. <ref>McCracken, R. M., Adair, B. M (1993) '''Avian adenoviruses'''.Virus infections of birds. 123-144; 89</ ref>

Avian adenoviruses are easy to identify microscopically by their '''icosahedral shape''' and triangular facets of capsomeres. <ref>McCracken, R. M., Adair, B. M (1993) '''Avian adenoviruses'''.Virus infections of birds. 123-144; 89</ref>

Many species of adenovirus can be found on one farm or even within one bird.

Many species of adenovirus can be found on one farm or even within one bird.

'''EDS virus''' is unusual in that it '''haemagglutinates chicken and duck erythrocytes''' and this provides a diagnostic testing method: haemagglutinin inhibition.  

'''EDS virus''' is unusual in that it '''haemagglutinates chicken and duck erythrocytes''' and this provides a diagnostic testing method: haemagglutinin inhibition.  

Changes seen at '''necropsy''' vary widely with viral species. QB virus causes accumulation of haemorrhagic mucus in the respiratory tract and nasal-ocular discharge. Lung consolidation may be a feature where disease is severe. Basophilic Intranuclear inclusion bodies are also common in the epithelia of the respiratory tract. In IBH, the liver is enlarged, friable and discoloured pale yellow-brown with surface haemorrhage, histological necrosis and again, Intranuclear inclusion bodies which may be eosinophilic or basophilic. HE virus causes dark red/black discolouration of intestines which are often blood filled. <ref>Pierson, F. W., Domermuth, C. H., Gross, W. B (1998) '''Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys and marble spleen disease of pheasants'''. In: Swayne, D. E., Glisson, J. R., Jackwood, M. W., Pearson, J. E., Reed, W. M. eds. A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens (4th edition). ''Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA: American Association of Avian Pathologists, University of Pennsylvania'',106-110</ ref> Enlargement of the spleen is a feature of serogroup 2 viruses at post-mortem, with a mottled and friable appearance and congestion of the lungs and liver. The white pulp of the spleen is hyperplastic histologically and intranuclear inclusion bodies form islands within the tissue structure. The characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies will be seen in the reproductive tract in infections caused by serogroup 3 viruses.

Changes seen at '''necropsy''' vary widely with viral species. QB virus causes accumulation of haemorrhagic mucus in the respiratory tract and nasal-ocular discharge. Lung consolidation may be a feature where disease is severe. Basophilic Intranuclear inclusion bodies are also common in the epithelia of the respiratory tract. In IBH, the liver is enlarged, friable and discoloured pale yellow-brown with surface haemorrhage, histological necrosis and again, Intranuclear inclusion bodies which may be eosinophilic or basophilic. HE virus causes dark red/black discolouration of intestines which are often blood filled. <ref>Pierson, F. W., Domermuth, C. H., Gross, W. B (1998) '''Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys and marble spleen disease of pheasants'''. In: Swayne, D. E., Glisson, J. R., Jackwood, M. W., Pearson, J. E., Reed, W. M. eds. A Laboratory Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Avian Pathogens (4th ed)''Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, USA: American Association of Avian Pathologists, University of Pennsylvania'',106-110</ref> Enlargement of the spleen is a feature of serogroup 2 viruses at post-mortem, with a mottled and friable appearance and congestion of the lungs and liver. The white pulp of the spleen is hyperplastic histologically and intranuclear inclusion bodies form islands within the tissue structure. The characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies will be seen in the reproductive tract in infections caused by serogroup 3 viruses.

==Treatment and Control==

==Treatment and Control==