Changes

==Signalment and Distribution==

==Signalment and Distribution==

''L. caulleryi'' has been reported in Thailand, India, Taiwan, Japan, Burma, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, and Korea (Akiba, K (1970) Leucocytozoonosis of chickens. Natl. Inst. Anim. Quart., 10:131-147</ref>

''L. caulleryi'' has been reported in Thailand, India, Taiwan, Japan, Burma, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, China, and Korea.<ref>Akiba, K (1970) '''Leucocytozoonosis of chickens'''. Natl. Inst. Anim. Quart., 10:131-147</ref>

Acute outbreaks of leucocytozoonosis have been reported in chickens, turkeys, waterfowl and wild birds worldwide.

Acute outbreaks of leucocytozoonosis have been reported in chickens, turkeys, waterfowl and wild birds worldwide.

Antibodies and antigens can be detected serologically in serum using '''agar gel precipitation and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]]'''.<ref> Isobe, T., Suzuki, K (1986) '''Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to Leucocytozoon caulleryi'''. Avian Pathology, 15(2):199-211; 14</ref>

Antibodies and antigens can be detected serologically in serum using '''agar gel precipitation and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]]'''.<ref> Isobe, T., Suzuki, K (1986) '''Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to Leucocytozoon caulleryi'''. Avian Pathology, 15(2):199-211; 14</ref>

On '''post-mortem, petechial haemorrhage and second generation schizonts''' are seen in various organs of dead chicks and also in oviducts of infected hens, when analysed histologically.<ref> Nakamura, K., Mitarai, Y., Tanimura, N., Hara, H., Ikeda, A., Shimada, J., Isobe, T (1997) '''Pathogenesis of reduced egg production and soft-shelled eggs in laying hens associated with Leucocytozoon caulleryi infection'''. J Parasitology, 83(2):325-327; 11</ref> The schizonts can cause inflammation, oedema and pressure atrophy of surrounding tissues. '''Granulomatous and lymphocytic lesions''' are seen in the lungs, heart, brain and peripheral nerves. Large gametocytes can block capillaries of the lungs.

On '''post-mortem, petechial haemorrhage and second generation schizonts''' are seen in various organs of dead chicks and also in oviducts of infected hens, when analysed histologically.<ref> Nakamura, K., Mitarai, Y., Tanimura, N., Hara, H., Ikeda, A., Shimada, J., Isobe, T (1997) '''Pathogenesis of reduced egg production and soft-shelled eggs in laying hens associated with Leucocytozoon caulleryi infection'''. J Parasitology, 83(2):325-327; 11</ref> The shell glad of the reproductive tract and oviducts are most severely affected. Schizonts can cause inflammation, oedema and pressure atrophy of surrounding tissues. '''Granulomatous and lymphocytic lesions''' are seen in the lungs, heart, brain and peripheral nerves. Large gametocytes can block capillaries of the lungs.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

No treatment is usually effective.

No treatment is usually effective.