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| ''Vibrio anguillarum'' is found in '''cultured and wild marine fish''' in shallow salt or brackish water during late summer. The pathogen was thought to be spread by contact with scavenging wild fish feeding around the farms but '''''V. anguillarum''''', has been '''found in the food of cultured and wild healthy fish''' <ref name="Frerichs and Roberts, 1989">Frerichs, G.N., Roberts, R.J., (1989) '''The bacteriology of teleosts.''' In: Roberts RJ, ed. ''Fish Pathology''. London: Baillière Tindall, 289-319.</ref>. | | ''Vibrio anguillarum'' is found in '''cultured and wild marine fish''' in shallow salt or brackish water during late summer. The pathogen was thought to be spread by contact with scavenging wild fish feeding around the farms but '''''V. anguillarum''''', has been '''found in the food of cultured and wild healthy fish''' <ref name="Frerichs and Roberts, 1989">Frerichs, G.N., Roberts, R.J., (1989) '''The bacteriology of teleosts.''' In: Roberts RJ, ed. ''Fish Pathology''. London: Baillière Tindall, 289-319.</ref>. |
| Outbreaks of vibriosis have been seen in Pacific and Atlantic salmon, Trout, Turbot, Striped bass, Winter flounder, Cod, Red sea-bream, European and Japanese eel, Saithe (Pollachius Virens), Gilthead sea-bream, Sea mullet, Seriola, Channel catfish, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkfish/ Milkfish], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayu/ Ayu], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia/ Tilapia]. | | Outbreaks of vibriosis have been seen in Pacific and Atlantic salmon, Trout, Turbot, Striped bass, Winter flounder, Cod, Red sea-bream, European and Japanese eel, Saithe (Pollachius Virens), Gilthead sea-bream, Sea mullet, Seriola, Channel catfish, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milkfish/ Milkfish], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayu/ Ayu], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia/ Tilapia]. |
− | It can also affect molluscs and crustacean including European and Japanese oyster, Clam, Lobster and shrimp. | + | It can also affect molluscs and crustacean including European and Japanese oyster, clam, lobster and shrimp. |
− | Disease outbreaks can be influenced by water quality and temperature, the strain and virulence of the Vibrio bacteria and the amount of stress imposed upon the fish. | + | Disease '''outbreaks''' can be '''influenced''' by '''water quality''' and '''temperature''', the '''strain''' and virulence of the Vibrio bacteria and the amount of '''stress''' imposed upon the fish. |
− | Other species of Vibrio affect a wide range of species for example V.salmonicida mainly affect Alantic salmon and trout and causes cold water vibriosis, V.damsela affects Blacksmith species http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromis_punctipinnis, V.vulnificus also known as V.anguillicidacuases disease in eels | + | Other species of ''Vibrio'' affect a wide range of species for example ''V.salmonicida'' mainly affect Alantic salmon and trout and causes cold water vibriosis, ''V.damsela'' affects [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromis_punctipinnis/ Blacksmith species], ''V.vulnificus'' also known as ''V.anguillicidacuases'' disease in eels |
− | Both V vulnificus and V.damsela are both zoonotic. It is thought that the infection is caused from eating contaminated raw or undercooked seafood, in particular raw oysters. Immunocompromised and people with liver diseases are at increased risk. | + | Both '''''V.vulnificus''''' and '''''V.damsela''''' are both '''zoonotic'''. It is thought that the infection is caused from '''eating contaminated raw or undercooked seafood''', in particular '''raw oysters'''. '''Immunocompromised''' and people with '''liver diseases''' are at '''increased risk'''. |
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| ==Clinical Signs== | | ==Clinical Signs== |