Changes

==Distribution==

==Distribution==

Asia, North America and Europe including outbreaks in the UK.

'''Asia, North America''' and '''Europe''' including outbreaks in the '''UK'''.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

Identification methods include a '''culture medium for presumptive identification, a sensitivity assay to filter discs impregnated with a saturated solution of the vibriostatic agent 0/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylteridine), nitrate reduction, presence of oxidase, catalase and arginine decarboxylase, reaction with monoclonal antibodies and antiflagellar antiserum, and hybridization with specific 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) oligonucleotides'''<ref name="Shewan et al., 1954">Shewan, J., Hodgkiss, W., Liston, J., (1954)  '''A method for the rapid differentiation of certain non-pathogenic asporogenous bacilli.''' ''Nature'', 173:208-209.</ref>, <ref name="Larsen, 1983">Larsen, J.L., (1983)  '''Vibrio anguillarum: a comparative study of fish pathogenic, environmental, and reference strains.''' ''Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica'', 24(4):456-476.</ref>, <ref name="Tassin et al., 1983">Tassin, M.G., Siebling, R.J., Roberts, N.C., Larson, A.D., (1983)  '''Presumptive identification of Vibrio species with H antiserum.''' ''Journal of Clinical Microbiology'', 18:400-407.</ref>, <ref name="Rehnstam et al., 1989">Rehnstam, A.S., Norqvist, A., Wolf-Watz, H., Hagström, Å., (1989)  '''Identification of Vibrio anguillarum in fish by using partial 16S RNA sequences and a specific 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probe.''' ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'', 55(8):1907-1910.</ref>, <ref name="Alsina et al., 1994">Alsina, M., Picado-Martinez, J., Jofre, J., Blanch, A.R., (1994)  '''A medium for presumptive identification of Vibrio anguillarum.''' ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'', 60:1681-1683.</ref>, <ref name="Martinez-Picado et al., 1994">Martínez-Picado, J., Blanch, A.R., Jofre, J., (1994)  '''Rapid detection and identification of Vibrio anguillarum by using a specific oligonucleotide probe complementary to 16S rRNA.''' ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'', 60(2):732-737.</ref>.

Identification methods include a '''culture medium for presumptive identification, a sensitivity assay to filter discs impregnated with a saturated solution of the vibriostatic agent 0/129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropylteridine), nitrate reduction, presence of oxidase, catalase and arginine decarboxylase, reaction with monoclonal antibodies and antiflagellar antiserum, and hybridization with specific 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) oligonucleotides'''<ref name="Shewan et al., 1954">Shewan, J., Hodgkiss, W., Liston, J., (1954)  '''A method for the rapid differentiation of certain non-pathogenic asporogenous bacilli.''' ''Nature'', 173:208-209.</ref>, <ref name="Larsen, 1983">Larsen, J.L., (1983)  '''Vibrio anguillarum: a comparative study of fish pathogenic, environmental, and reference strains.''' ''Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica'', 24(4):456-476.</ref>, <ref name="Tassin et al., 1983">Tassin, M.G., Siebling, R.J., Roberts, N.C., Larson, A.D., (1983)  '''Presumptive identification of Vibrio species with H antiserum.''' ''Journal of Clinical Microbiology'', 18:400-407.</ref>, <ref name="Rehnstam et al., 1989">Rehnstam, A.S., Norqvist, A., Wolf-Watz, H., Hagström, Å., (1989)  '''Identification of Vibrio anguillarum in fish by using partial 16S RNA sequences and a specific 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probe.''' ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'', 55(8):1907-1910.</ref>, <ref name="Alsina et al., 1994">Alsina, M., Picado-Martinez, J., Jofre, J., Blanch, A.R., (1994)  '''A medium for presumptive identification of Vibrio anguillarum.''' ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'', 60:1681-1683.</ref>, <ref name="Martinez-Picado et al., 1994">Martínez-Picado, J., Blanch, A.R., Jofre, J., (1994)  '''Rapid detection and identification of Vibrio anguillarum by using a specific oligonucleotide probe complementary to 16S rRNA.''' ''Applied and Environmental Microbiology'', 60(2):732-737.</ref>. '''''Vibrio'' species''' can be '''identified using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)'''.

Vibrio species can be identified using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). V.vulnificus can be identified using an ELISA for the haemolysin and PCR.

''V.vulnificus'' can be identified using an ELISA for the haemolysin and PCR.

V.ordalii tends to be more localised to muscle and areas of the skin, possibly indicating transmission of the disease through salmonid integument, although it can also be found in loose connective tissue of the gills , throughout the GI tract and in the pyloric caeca  

V.ordalii tends to be more localised to muscle and areas of the skin, possibly indicating transmission of the disease through salmonid integument, although it can also be found in loose connective tissue of the gills , throughout the GI tract and in the pyloric caeca  

V.salmonicida also known as  haemorrhagic syndrome as  haemorrhages are mainly found in the integument surrounding the internal organs of the fish.  Fish are anaemic and fry show splenamegaly, cataracts and cranial haemorrhage.  

V.salmonicida also known as  haemorrhagic syndrome as  haemorrhages are mainly found in the integument surrounding the internal organs of the fish.  Fish are anaemic and fry show splenamegaly, cataracts and cranial haemorrhage.