Changes

'''Virus can be isolated''' from the respiratory, enteric and reproductive tracts or from tendons, plasma and blood cells of recently killed birds.<ref> Robertson, M. D., Wilcox, G. E., Kibenge, F. S. B (1984) '''Prevalence of reoviruses in commercial chickens'''. Australian Veterinary Journal, 61(10):319-322; 30</ref>Its site of primary replication is the epithelia of the small intestine. The viruses can then be '''cultured on chicken eggs and chicken embryo liver cell''' cultures. Infection induces formation of '''syncytia, degeneration and holes in the monolayer'''. Presence can be confirmed by '''electron microscopy and PCR'''.

'''Virus can be isolated''' from the respiratory, enteric and reproductive tracts or from tendons, plasma and blood cells of recently killed birds.<ref> Robertson, M. D., Wilcox, G. E., Kibenge, F. S. B (1984) '''Prevalence of reoviruses in commercial chickens'''. Australian Veterinary Journal, 61(10):319-322; 30</ref>Its site of primary replication is the epithelia of the small intestine. The viruses can then be '''cultured on chicken eggs and chicken embryo liver cell''' cultures. Infection induces formation of '''syncytia, degeneration and holes in the monolayer'''. Presence can be confirmed by '''electron microscopy and PCR'''.

'''[[Immunodiffusion|Agar gel immunodiffusion]], [[Complement Fixation|complement fixation]] and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]]''' can be used to detect antibodies serologically.

'''[[Immunodiffusion|Agar gel immunodiffusion]] and [[ELISA testing|ELISA]]''' can be used to detect antibodies serologically.

On '''post-mortem, the digital flexor tendons, metatarsal extensors and tendon sheaths are inflamed, swollen and surrounded by exudate.''' Cartilage may be eroded and synovial membranes haemorrhagic. '''Fibrosis and adhesions''' develop in chronic cases. On histopathology, '''oedema and synoviocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia''' are evident.<ref>McNulty, M. S (1993) '''Reovirus'''. Virus infections of birds. ''Elsevier'' 181-193; 97</ref> Visceral damage varies greatly due to the differing capacity of viruses to disseminate.

On '''post-mortem, the digital flexor tendons, metatarsal extensors and tendon sheaths are inflamed, swollen and surrounded by exudate.''' Cartilage may be eroded and synovial membranes haemorrhagic. '''Fibrosis and adhesions''' develop in chronic cases. On histopathology, '''oedema and synoviocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia''' are evident.<ref>McNulty, M. S (1993) '''Reovirus'''. Virus infections of birds. ''Elsevier'' 181-193; 97</ref> Visceral damage varies greatly due to the differing capacity of viruses to disseminate.