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==Distribution==
==Distribution==
Worldwide. The organism is '''ubiquitous''' in aquatic environments.
Worldwide. The organism is '''ubiquitous''' in aquatic freshwater environments.
==Signalment==
==Signalment==
A huge range of fish hosts can be infected including the '''trout and salmon family, eels, goldfish, Siamese fighting fish, catfish and bass species'''. Cultured fish, free ranging fish and aquarium fish can all be affected although cultured fish reared in ponds or raceways are the primary concern.
A huge range of fish hosts can be infected including the '''trout and salmon family, eels, goldfish, Siamese fighting fish, catfish and bass species'''. Cultured fish, free ranging fish and aquarium fish can all be affected although cultured fish reared in ponds or raceways are the primary concern. It is not recognised as a problem in wild fish populations.
Columnaris disease can occur in cool and warm water fish, but is '''most prevalent in air temperatures above 12-14⁰C'''.
Columnaris disease can occur in cool and warm water fish, but is '''most prevalent in air temperatures above 12-14⁰C'''.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
'''Potassium permanganate''' can be applied externally to adult fish and fry but can be toxic at high concentrations.
'''Potassium permanganate''', copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide can be applied externally to adult fish and fry but can be toxic at high concentrations.
'''Terramycin''' can also be added to feed for adults, fry or broodstock, but resistance is emerging.
'''Terramycin''' can also be added to feed for adults, fry or broodstock, but resistance is emerging.
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
Starliper, C.E. and Schill, W.B. 2011. '''Flavobacterial Diseases: Coldwater Disease, Columnaris Disease, and Bacterial Gill Diseases'''. In: '''Fish Diseases and Disorders Volume 3''': Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections, 2nd. Edition (eds. P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno), ''CABI'', Wallingford, UK, pp. 606-631
{{CABI source
{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=87918 columnaris disease] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=82792&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Flavobacterium columnare'']
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=87918 columnaris disease] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=82792&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Flavobacterium columnare'']
|date =11 July 2011
|date =11 July 2011
}}
}}
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This article was reviewed by [http://www.axelfish.uoguelph.ca/Woo.2.htm Prof Patrick Woo MSc PhD] on 24/08/11.
[[Category:Fish Diseases]]
[[Category:Fish Diseases]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
[[Category:Expert Review Completed]]