Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
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→Bovine Parainfluenza - 3 (PI-3)
*With other agents causes [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|calf pneumonia ]]
*With other agents causes [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|calf pneumonia ]]
**Together with managemental factors (overcrowding, poor ventilation, high humidity, deprivation of colostrum and stress caused by transport or mixing of stock)
**Together with managemental factors (overcrowding, poor ventilation, high humidity, deprivation of colostrum and stress caused by transport or mixing of stock)
*'''Diagnosis'''
**Diseased lung tissue from dead animals or centrifuged cells from lung lavage
**Virus is too fragile for cell culture isolation (often inactivated intransport)
**Antigen detection by ''' immunocytochemistry''' for intracytoplasmic viral inclusions containing labelled viral protein
**Serology: 4-fold rise in ELISA antibody in paired serum samples from several animals
===Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus===
*Bovine respiratory syncytial virus in [[Viral infections#Respiratory syncytial virus|respiratory infection]]
*Diagnosis is same as for [[Paramyxoviridae#Parainfluenza -3 (PI-3)|PI-3]]
*Hendra virus in [[Viral infections#Hendra virus|respiratory infections]]
*Hendra virus in [[Viral infections#Hendra virus|respiratory infections]]