Changes

|q1= What could be the likely clinical conditions present?

|q1= What could be the likely clinical conditions present?

|a1= (1) Rupture of the abdominal muscles (oblique and transverse abdominal muscles: a ventral hernia); (2)rupture of the prepubic tendon;(3) ventral hernia with or without involvement of the foal; (4) haematoma – subcutaneous or intramuscular; (5) placental hydrops as a primary cause leading to (1)–(4) above.

|a1= (1) Rupture of the abdominal muscles (oblique and transverse abdominal muscles: a ventral hernia); (2)rupture of the prepubic tendon;(3) ventral hernia with or without involvement of the foal; (4) haematoma – subcutaneous or intramuscular; (5) placental hydrops as a primary cause leading to (1)–(4) above.

|l1=

|l1=Prepubic Tendon Rupture

|q2= How would you differentiate these conditions?

|q2= How would you differentiate these conditions?

|a2= This is a difficult diagnostic dilemma. Presence of severe ventral oedema and progressive distortion of the mare’s abdominal shape often makes manual palpation unrewarding. Rupture of the prepubic tendon may easily lead to rupture and haemorrhage of the adjacent musculature. Some mares develop very obvious lordosis and adopt a ‘rocking horse’ position, and together with the reluctance to walk and lie down are strongly indicative for rupture of the prepubic tendon. Use of ultrasound to attempt to ‘visualise’ hernias, muscle injury, presence of blood clot, presence of bowel or fetus. Rectal palpation of ventral or ventrolateral abdominal floor for ventral hernia. All examinations are less than satisfactory due to the foal’s presence and oedema of the body wall.

|a2= This is a difficult diagnostic dilemma. Presence of severe ventral oedema and progressive distortion of the mare’s abdominal shape often makes manual palpation unrewarding. Rupture of the prepubic tendon may easily lead to rupture and haemorrhage of the adjacent musculature. Some mares develop very obvious lordosis and adopt a ‘rocking horse’ position, and together with the reluctance to walk and lie down are strongly indicative for rupture of the prepubic tendon. Use of ultrasound to attempt to ‘visualise’ hernias, muscle injury, presence of blood clot, presence of bowel or fetus. Rectal palpation of ventral or ventrolateral abdominal floor for ventral hernia. All examinations are less than satisfactory due to the foal’s presence and oedema of the body wall.

|l2=

|l2=Prepubic Tendon Rupture

|q3= What are some of the predisposing factors?

|q3= What are some of the predisposing factors?

|a3= In many cases, there is no evident predisposing cause; however, predisposing factors are hydrops of the fetal membranes, twins and trauma. This rare condition seems to be more common in older mares and draught horses.

|a3= In many cases, there is no evident predisposing cause; however, predisposing factors are hydrops of the fetal membranes, twins and trauma. This rare condition seems to be more common in older mares and draught horses.

|l3=

|l3=Prepubic Tendon Rupture

|q4= What supportive measures would you undertake in the early stages?

|q4= What supportive measures would you undertake in the early stages?

|a4= (1) Restrict activity to a small yard or large stable; (2) monitor for signs of blood loss, constipation, loss of protein and any development of further discomfort; (3) use of a strong bandage around the abdominal wall and strapped over the back is rarely successful except in mild cases, and these usually manage without support; care must be taken with pressure necrosis along the backline.

|a4= (1) Restrict activity to a small yard or large stable; (2) monitor for signs of blood loss, constipation, loss of protein and any development of further discomfort; (3) use of a strong bandage around the abdominal wall and strapped over the back is rarely successful except in mild cases, and these usually manage without support; care must be taken with pressure necrosis along the backline.

|l4=

|l4=Prepubic Tendon Rupture

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