Changes

[[Image:adenocarcinoma stomach histopath2.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Adenocarcinoma- histological (Courtesy of BioMed Image Archive)]]

[[Image:adenocarcinoma stomach histopath2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Adenocarcinoma- histological (Courtesy of BioMed Image Archive)]]

Adenocarcinoma is the most common gastric neoplasm in small animals.

* This is a tumour of the mucosal epithelium.

Adenocarcinoma is the most common gastric neoplasm in small animals. It is a tumour of the mucosal epithelium. These are generally found in the fundus (particularly along the lesser curvature), and in the pylorus. There are two main internal appearances of gastric adenocarcinoma, both of which show thickened, oedematous, pale and firm tissue:

These are genreally found in the fundus (particularly along the lesser curvature), and in the pylorus. There are two main internal appearances of gastric adenocarcinoma, both of which show thickened, oedematous, pale and firm tissue:[[Image:adenocarcinoma stomach.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Adenocarcinoma- gross (Courtesy of BioMed Image Archive)]]

# A diffuse infiltration of gastric mucosa by neoplastic glandular epithelial cells.

# A diffuse infiltration of gastric mucosa by neoplastic glandular epithelial cells.

#* Causes a diffuse rugal thickening.  

#* Causes a diffuse rugal thickening.  

#* Generally has a central erosion/ulceration of the tumour tissue.  

#* Generally has a central erosion/ulceration of the tumour tissue.  

#* Distinguishable from  a peptic ulcer as the edges of the eroded area are raised and thickened (tumour tissue).  

#* Distinguishable from  a peptic ulcer as the edges of the eroded area are raised and thickened (tumour tissue).  

The external appearance of an affected [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] can include thickening of the draining lymphoid vessels due to tumour infiltration ('cording of the lymphatics') and evidence of a scirrhous reaction to the carcinoma. Adenocarcinomas are locally aggressive and spread via the lymphatics to the [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]], lung, [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and [[Adrenal Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|adrenal glands]].

The external appearance of an affected [[Monogastric Stomach - Anatomy & Physiology|stomach]] can include thickening of the draining lymphoid vessels due to tumour infiltration ('cording of the lymphatics') and evidence of a scirrhous reaction to the carcinoma. Adenocarcinomas are locally aggressive and spread via the lymphatics to the [[Lymph Nodes - Anatomy & Physiology|lymph nodes]], lung, [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and [[Adrenal Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|adrenal glands]].

==Intestinal Adenocarcinoma==

==Intestinal Adenocarcinoma==

[[Intestinal Adenocarcinoma|Intestinal adenocarcinomas]] are a reasonably common malignant neoplasm of dogs and cats arising from the epithelial lining of the gastrointesinal tract. As yet, no causative organism or chemical agent has been identified for intestinal adenocarcinomas, but experiments have suggested that nitrosamines may have a role. Intestinal adenocarcinomas can be nodular or annular in appearance. By the time of diagnosis, they have often metastasised via the lymphatic and vascular routes, most commonly to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Other sites of metastasis include the liver, kidneys, peritoneal cavity, omentum and lungs. Intestinal adenocarcinomas display aggressive local growth and invasion, and tumours frequently recur after resection.

[[Intestinal Adenocarcinoma|Intestinal adenocarcinomas]] are a reasonably common malignant neoplasm of dogs and cats arising from the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract. As yet, no causative organism or chemical agent has been identified for intestinal adenocarcinomas, but experiments have suggested that nitrosamines may have a role. Intestinal adenocarcinomas can be nodular or annular in appearance. By the time of diagnosis, they have often metastasised via the lymphatic and vascular routes, most commonly to the mesenteric lymph nodes. Other sites of metastasis include the liver, kidneys, peritoneal cavity, omentum and lungs. Intestinal adenocarcinomas display aggressive local growth and invasion, and tumours frequently recur after resection.

==Perianal gland adenocarcinoma==

==Perianal Gland Adenocarcinoma==

These tumours are far '''less common'''ly diagnosed than [[Adenoma#Hepatoid Gland Tumours (Perianal Adenomas)|perianal adenomas]]. '''Large breed male dogs''' are overrepresented, but they do also occur in spayed female dogs.  

These tumours are far '''less commonly''' diagnosed than [[Adenoma#Hepatoid Gland Tumours (Perianal Adenomas)|perianal adenomas]]. '''Large breed male dogs''' are overrepresented, but they do also occur in spayed female dogs.  

A '''hormonal dependence has not been shown'''.

A '''hormonal dependence has not been shown'''.

==Adenocarcinomas of the Glands of the Anal Sac (Apocrine Glands)==

==Adenocarcinomas of the Glands of the Anal Sac (Apocrine Glands)==

* Apocrine glands are the true anal glands- not to be confused with the anal sacs or the perianal glands.

Apocrine glands are the true anal glands - not to be confused with the anal sacs or the perianal glands. These tumours are much less common than intestinal adenocarcinoma. They are more common in bitches than dogs and can be bilateral.  

* Much less common than intestinal adenocarcinoma.  

* Commoner in bitches than dogs.

* Can be bilateral.

**** In turn can cause renal failure. which in turn can cause renal failure.

==Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma==

 

==[[Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma]]==

[[Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma|Anal sac adenocarcinoma]] is a highly malignant neoplasia that readily metastasizes to the medial iliac lymph nodes. Around 50% may lead to paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP). The tumours can be between 1 and 10cm in size and 50% of them will metastasize

[[Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma|Anal sac adenocarcinoma]] is a highly malignant neoplasia that readily metastasizes to the medial iliac lymph nodes. Around 50% may lead to paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia due to parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP). The tumours can be between 1 and 10cm in size and 50% of them will metastasize

==Nasal Cavity==

==Nasal Cavity==

*Most common in dogs, also sheep

Adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity is most common in dogs but also sheep. Glandular acini in layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium are present with often mucin filled acini.

*Glandular acini in layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium

*Often mucin filled acini

==[[Uterine Adenocarcinoma - Rabbit|Uterine Adenocarcinoma in Rabbits]]==

==[[Uterine Adenocarcinoma - Rabbit|Uterine Adenocarcinoma in Rabbits]]==

Morrison, W. (2002) '''Cancer in dogs and cats: medical and surgical management''' ''Teton NewMedia''

Morrison, W. (2002) '''Cancer in dogs and cats: medical and surgical management''' ''Teton NewMedia''

 

[[Category:Stomach and Abomasum - Proliferative Pathology]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Stomach and Abomasum - Proliferative Pathology]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Cat]]