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→Biopsy
===Biopsy===
===Biopsy===
A '''biopsy''' may be required if diagnosis cannot be made from FNA's. This may occur if; the aspirate provided a '''low number of cells'''; the '''cells were badly preserved'''; the disease is in its '''early stages''' or the neoplastic '''cells''' are '''small'''. If the lymph node is biopsied, it is best to remove the entire node in an '''excisional biopsy''' so the '''tissue architecture remains intact'''.
A '''biopsy''' may be required if diagnosis cannot be made from fine needle aspirates. This may occur if; the aspirate provided a '''low number of cells'''; the '''cells were badly preserved''' or the disease is in its '''early stages'''. If the lymph node is biopsied, it is best to remove the entire node in an '''excisional biopsy''' so the '''tissue architecture remains intact'''.
Biopsy may also be indicated it the neoplasia is '''localised''' to a '''specific organ''' which is not amenable to ultrasound guided FNA, for example the gastrointestinal tract.
Biopsy may also be indicated it the neoplasia is '''localised''' to a '''specific organ''' which is not amenable to ultrasound guided FNA, for example the gastrointestinal tract.
'''Secondary liver tumours''' are the most common secondary malignancy. They can be present as nodules or as diffuse infiltration along the portal tracts. Grossly, the liver is enlarged, turgid and friable with many minute pale foci. The whole organ is diffusely pale. Microscopically, tumour cells are seen to spread diffusely through the sinusoids.
'''Secondary liver tumours''' are the most common secondary malignancy. They can be present as nodules or as diffuse infiltration along the portal tracts. Grossly, the liver is enlarged, turgid and friable with many minute pale foci. The whole organ is diffusely pale. Microscopically, tumour cells are seen to spread diffusely through the sinusoids.
'''Splenomegaly''' occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma. Splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase.
'''Splenomegaly''' occurs in multicentric lymphosarcoma. Splenic enlargement may be marked if any form of lymphosarcoma is in leukaemic phase.
===Staging===
===Staging===