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To then either kill the pathogens or digest the dead cells, '''lysosomes''', which contain a large range of enzymes, fuse with the phagosome to form the '''phagolysosome'''. One example of a process that occurs in these vesicles is oxygen-dependent degradation which utilizes oxygen (O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) and chlorine (Cl*) free-radicals, hydrogen peroxide (OH), and nitric oxide (NO) to degrade the contents within the lysophagosome. The essential enzyme within this process is NADPH oxidase. In humans, the lethal genetic disease chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is caused by the lack of NADPH oxidase in the phagocytes, with sufferers rarely living past their mid-twenties (with the help of antibiotics) usually succumbing to lung infection.
To then either kill the pathogens or digest the dead cells, '''lysosomes''', which contain a large range of enzymes, fuse with the phagosome to form the '''phagolysosome'''. One example of a process that occurs in these vesicles is oxygen-dependent degradation which utilizes oxygen (O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) and chlorine (Cl*) free-radicals, hydrogen peroxide (OH), and nitric oxide (NO) to degrade the contents within the phagolysosome. The essential enzyme within this process is NADPH oxidase. In humans, the lethal genetic disease chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is caused by the lack of NADPH oxidase in the phagocytes, with sufferers rarely living past their mid-twenties (with the help of antibiotics) usually succumbing to lung infection.
Along with the direct degradation of some elements within the lysophagosome, the process also causes acidification of the lysophagosome vesicles. The lowering of the pH then activates other enzymes within the phagosome. These include:
Along with the direct degradation of some elements within the phagolysosome, the process also causes acidification of the phagolysosome vesicles. The lowering of the pH then activates other enzymes within the phagosome. These include:
* Oxygen-independent proteolytic enzymes such as Defensins, Lysozyme, and cationic proteins
* Oxygen-independent proteolytic enzymes such as Defensins, Lysozyme, and cationic proteins
* Antimicrobial elements such as lactoferrin
* Antimicrobial elements such as lactoferrin