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***ST is not immunogenic; it is small, with only 19 amino acids
***ST is not immunogenic; it is small, with only 19 amino acids
*Enteropathogenic ''E. coli'' (EPEC):
*Enteropathogenic ''E. coli'' (EPEC):
**Attching and effacing strains of ''E. coli''
**Attach to small intestinal epithelial cells and cause necrosis of enterocytes and stunting and fusion of villi
**Possess ''E. coli'' adherence factor plasmid
**Possess ''E. coli'' adherence factor plasmid
**An adhesin, intimin is required for attachment to enterocytes
**An adhesin, intimin is required for attachment to enterocytes
**Cause attching and effacing lesions in the gut, with necrosis of enterocytes and stunting and fusion of villi
**Secrete signalling proteins that activate a tyrosine kinase, causing rearrangement of cytoskeletal proteins and effacement of microvilli
**Intracellular calcium levels increase and production of protein kinase C causes loss of chloride ions and water from the intestinal epithelial cells
**Diarrhoea results
*Enteroinvasive ''E. coli'':
*Enteroinvasive ''E. coli'':
**Cause colisepticaemia in calves during their first week of life; occasionally in lambs, piglets and puppies
**Cause colisepticaemia in calves during their first week of life; occasionally in lambs, piglets and puppies