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Equine Urinary System - Horse Anatomy (view source)
Revision as of 14:05, 28 November 2012
, 14:05, 28 November 2012→Ureters
==Ureters==
==Ureters==
[[Image:ureterhistoanat.jpg|right|thumb|300px|<small><center>Histology section of a normal ureter (© RVC 2008)</center></small>]]
[[Image:ureterhistoanat2.jpg|right|thumb|300px|<small><center>Histology section of a normal ureter (© RVC 2008)</center></small>]]
The ureters convey urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder. There are two of them, one for each kidney. The ureters run retroperitoneally along the roof of the abdominal cavity and then enters the pelvis. Once entering the pelvis it moves medially in the broad ligament of the female or the genital fold of the male. It ends at its junction on the dorsolateral surface of the bladder within the lateral ligament.
===Wall===
The wall of the ureters has an internal mucosa layer formed from transitional epithelium. This provides protection against the urine. The middle layer is a muscularis layer. This is well developed for peristalsis, though can enter into spasm on irritation. The outer layer is composed of adventitia.
===Junction with the Bladder===
The ureter enters the bladder obliquely near the neck of the bladder and runs between the muscular layers and mucosa. They open through 2 slits on a raised '''hillock'''.
===Movement of Urine===
The movement of urine along the ureters is achieved by '''peristalsis''' which is powered by locally regulated smooth muscle. This maintains a low pressure in the renal pelvis.
===Vascular Supply===
The renal pelvis and proximal ureter is supplied by the '''renal artery'''. The distal ureter is supplied by the '''cranial vesicular artery''' and the '''vaginal artery''' (in the female) and '''prostatic artery''' (in the male).
===Lymphatic Drainage===
* Lumbar lymph nodes
==Bladder==
==Bladder==
==Urethra==
==Urethra==