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Bones - Dog Anatomy (view source)

Revision as of 12:15, 9 January 2013

1,349 bytes removed ,  12:15, 9 January 2013
→‎Joints of the Distal Forelimb
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The distal phalanx is made up of a cone-shaped ungual process with a distinct collar called the ''ungual crest''. The deep ungual groove distal to the crest provides attachment for the proximal border of the claw and articulates with the middle phalanx via a small sagittal crest. The 'dew claw' (metacarpal I) is normally present in the forelimb but often not in the hindlimb. It normally only consists of two phalanges that resemble the proximal and distal ones.
 
The distal phalanx is made up of a cone-shaped ungual process with a distinct collar called the ''ungual crest''. The deep ungual groove distal to the crest provides attachment for the proximal border of the claw and articulates with the middle phalanx via a small sagittal crest. The 'dew claw' (metacarpal I) is normally present in the forelimb but often not in the hindlimb. It normally only consists of two phalanges that resemble the proximal and distal ones.
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==Joints of the Distal Forelimb==
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===[[Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Carpal Joint|Carpal Joint]]===
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The '''synovial membranes''' form three compartments corresponding to each joint. The proximal is the largest whilst the middle carpal and carpometacarpal sacs communicate and extend into the intermetacarpal articulations. The fibrous joint capsule is common to all three joints and attaches to the individual bones and various intercarpal ligaments. The '''extensor retinaculum''' is fibrous collagenous tissue on the dorsal aspect that allows passage of the extensor tendons. On the palmar aspect lies the '''palmar carpal fibrocartilage''', that provides attachment for some metacarpal bones. Paired '''collateral ligaments''' bridge the sides of the three main articulations.
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The  '''flexor retinaculum''' is the carpal fascia on the palmar aspect, and lies between the accessory carpal bone and the medial aspect of the carpus. This with the joint capsule and medial surface of the accessory carpal bone, makes up the '''carpal canal'''. It houses just the deep digital flexor tendon in the dog. The intermetacarpal joints, are tight joints between the proximal ends of the metacarpals. The joint capsules are continuous with that of the carpal joint. They are held together by the '''interosseous metacarpal ligaments'''.
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=Hindlimb=
 
=Hindlimb=
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