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*Isolated from closed cases of [[Bursae and Tendons - inflammatory#Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers|Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers]]
*Isolated from closed cases of [[Bursae and Tendons - inflammatory#Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers|Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers]]
===Overview===
*Important zoonoses worldwide
*Cause chronic granulomatous diseases
===Characteristics===
*Small, non-moltile, Gram negative coccobacilli
*Facultatice intracellular pathogens
*6 species
===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
*Penetrate nasal, oral or pharyngeal mucosa
*Phagocytosed and carried to regional lymph nodes
*Survive and multiply in cells of the reticulo-endothelial system
*Inhibit lysosome-phagosome fusion
*Lymph nodes enlarge (lymphatic and lymphoreticular hyperplasia) and inflammation is induced
*Surviving organisms spread to other organs (liver, spleen, placenta) and cause granulomatous reactions
*Eythritol is a growth stimulant and attracts the bacteria to the bovine placenta
*Infection of foetus and abortion
===Clinical disease===
===Diagnosis===
===Control===
*Serological testing of milk (Milk Ring Test) and beef cattle (Rose Bengal Plate Test)
*Serological tests detect anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies