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Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species (view source)
Revision as of 09:36, 18 May 2008
, 09:36, 18 May 2008no edit summary
*Only grow in presence of living eukaryotic cells
*Only grow in presence of living eukaryotic cells
*Unable to synthesis ATP therefore require intermediates from host cells
*Unable to synthesis ATP therefore require intermediates from host cells
*
*Grow in embyonated eggs and McCoy cells as well as animal tissues
*Not stained by Gram stain
*Kosters (modified Ziehl-Neelson, small red rods) or fluorescent antibody stain required for detection
*Blue inclusions in cytoplasm of Giemsa-stained cels
*Antigen detection kits for diagnosis from swabs
*Reticulate body has un-crosslinked peptidoglycan, which is cross-linked to form elementary bodies
*Reticulate body has un-crosslinked peptidoglycan, which is cross-linked to form elementary bodies
*Elementary bodies released from dying host cells to infect other cells
*Elementary bodies released from dying host cells to infect other cells
*Persistent infections
*Many infections subclinical due to intracellular existence of ''chlamydia'' preventing inflammatory reactions
*Clinical infections occur in non-natural host species
===''Chlamydophila psittaci''===
*Causes notifiable psittacosis in birds
===''Chlamydophila abortus''===
*Ovine enzootic abortion
*Contagious ovine abortion in late pregnancy
*Infection via ingestion or inhalation causes a bacteraemia
*Bacteria localise in placenta and cause placentitis, leading to abortion
*Abortion rates may reach 30%
*Fertility not impaired
*Survival of elementary bodies in faeces and wild birds are a source of infection from one lambing season to the next
*Ewes may be carriers for several years
*Venereal transmission from infected rams
*Some immunity develops after infection, protecting ewes from subsequent disease
*Vaccines prevent infection but will not clear infection from persistently-infected animals
*Vaccination of ewe lambs
===''Chlamydophila felis''===
*Host adapted species in cats
*Feline interstitial pneumonia and conjunctivitis
*Diagnosis by antigen detection in ocular/nasal secretions - ELISA, PCR, Kosters, fluorescent antibody test
*Vaccine