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*Causes [[Muscles - degenerative#Botulism|botulism]], a potentially fatal intoxication
 
*Causes [[Muscles - degenerative#Botulism|botulism]], a potentially fatal intoxication
 
*Germination of endospores, growth of bacterial cells and toxin production in anaerobic conditions e.g. decaying carcasses and vegetation
 
*Germination of endospores, growth of bacterial cells and toxin production in anaerobic conditions e.g. decaying carcasses and vegetation
*Intoxication on ingestion and absorbtion of toxin from GIT into the blood
  −
*Occasionally germination of spores in wounds or GIT
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*Neurotoxin carried to peripheral nervous system
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*Toxin binds gangliosides irreversibly at the neuromuscular junction
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*Blocks release of acetylcholine
  −
*Flaccid paralysis and death
   
*Disease in animals consuming rotting carcasses and in herbivores through contamination of feed
 
*Disease in animals consuming rotting carcasses and in herbivores through contamination of feed
 +
*Pathogenesis:
 +
**Intoxication on ingestion and absorbtion of toxin from GIT into the blood
 +
**Occasionally germination of spores in wounds or GIT
 +
**Neurotoxin carried to peripheral nervous system
 +
**Toxin binds gangliosides irreversibly at the neuromuscular junction
 +
**Blocks release of acetylcholine
 +
*Clinical signs:
 +
**Dilated pupils, dry mucus membranes, decreased salivation, tongue flacidity, dysphagia in farm animals
 +
**Incoordination and knuckling followed by flacid paralysis and recumbency
 +
**Paralysis of respiratory muscles leads to death
 +
**Flacid paralysis of legs and wings in birds
 +
 
*Toxoid vaccine
 
*Toxoid vaccine
 
*Implicated in [[Intestines - physical disturbances#Equine dysautonomia, or grass sickness|equine grass sickness]]
 
*Implicated in [[Intestines - physical disturbances#Equine dysautonomia, or grass sickness|equine grass sickness]]
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