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| *Causes [[Muscles - degenerative#Botulism|botulism]], a potentially fatal intoxication | | *Causes [[Muscles - degenerative#Botulism|botulism]], a potentially fatal intoxication |
| *Germination of endospores, growth of bacterial cells and toxin production in anaerobic conditions e.g. decaying carcasses and vegetation | | *Germination of endospores, growth of bacterial cells and toxin production in anaerobic conditions e.g. decaying carcasses and vegetation |
− | *Intoxication on ingestion and absorbtion of toxin from GIT into the blood
| |
− | *Occasionally germination of spores in wounds or GIT
| |
− | *Neurotoxin carried to peripheral nervous system
| |
− | *Toxin binds gangliosides irreversibly at the neuromuscular junction
| |
− | *Blocks release of acetylcholine
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− | *Flaccid paralysis and death
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| *Disease in animals consuming rotting carcasses and in herbivores through contamination of feed | | *Disease in animals consuming rotting carcasses and in herbivores through contamination of feed |
| + | *Pathogenesis: |
| + | **Intoxication on ingestion and absorbtion of toxin from GIT into the blood |
| + | **Occasionally germination of spores in wounds or GIT |
| + | **Neurotoxin carried to peripheral nervous system |
| + | **Toxin binds gangliosides irreversibly at the neuromuscular junction |
| + | **Blocks release of acetylcholine |
| + | *Clinical signs: |
| + | **Dilated pupils, dry mucus membranes, decreased salivation, tongue flacidity, dysphagia in farm animals |
| + | **Incoordination and knuckling followed by flacid paralysis and recumbency |
| + | **Paralysis of respiratory muscles leads to death |
| + | **Flacid paralysis of legs and wings in birds |
| + | |
| *Toxoid vaccine | | *Toxoid vaccine |
| *Implicated in [[Intestines - physical disturbances#Equine dysautonomia, or grass sickness|equine grass sickness]] | | *Implicated in [[Intestines - physical disturbances#Equine dysautonomia, or grass sickness|equine grass sickness]] |