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| ===Histotoxic infections=== | | ===Histotoxic infections=== |
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− | *Exotoxins cause local tissue necrosis and systemic effects which can be fatal | + | *Exotoxins cause local tissue necrosis and systemic effects which can be fatal - toxaemia |
| *''C. chauvei'' and ''C. septicum'' present in muscle as latent spores which can germinate to cause infection | | *''C. chauvei'' and ''C. septicum'' present in muscle as latent spores which can germinate to cause infection |
| *''C. novyi'' type B and ''C. haemolyticum'' have latent spores in the liver | | *''C. novyi'' type B and ''C. haemolyticum'' have latent spores in the liver |
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| *Endospores persist in the soil | | *Endospores persist in the soil |
| *Most ingested spores excreted in faeces, but some become dormant in tissues | | *Most ingested spores excreted in faeces, but some become dormant in tissues |
| + | *Tissue injury leads to reduced oxygen tensions allowing germination and replication of bacteria |
| + | *Exotoxins cause local necrosis |
| + | *Activated spores in the liver and muscles cause endogenous infections including blackleg, infectious necrotic hepatitis and bacillary haemoglobinuria |
| + | *Inoculation of wounds causes exogenous infections including malignant oedema and gas gangrene |
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| ===''Clostridium chauvei''=== | | ===''Clostridium chauvei''=== |
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| + | *[[Muscles - inflammatory#Black leg|black leg]]: |
| + | **Acute disease of cattle and sheep |
| + | **Endogenous infection in young cattle with latent spores in muscles, activated by trauma |
| + | **Exogenous infection via wounds in sheep of any age |
| + | **Gangrenous cellulitis and myositis caused by exotoxins leads to rapid death |
| + | **Skeletal muscle damage with lameness, swelling and crepitus due to gas accumilation |
| + | **Dyspnoea due to lesions in tongue and throat muscles |
| + | **Myocardial and diaphragmatic lesions can cause sudden death |
| + | **Fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis |
| *Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]], along with [[Clostridium species#Clostridium septicum|''Clostridium septicum'']] | | *Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]], along with [[Clostridium species#Clostridium septicum|''Clostridium septicum'']] |
− | *Infects muscles causing[[Muscles - inflammatory#Black leg|black leg]]
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| ===Clostridium novyi=== | | ===Clostridium novyi=== |