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*Activated spores in the liver and muscles cause endogenous infections including blackleg, infectious necrotic hepatitis and bacillary haemoglobinuria
*Activated spores in the liver and muscles cause endogenous infections including blackleg, infectious necrotic hepatitis and bacillary haemoglobinuria
*Inoculation of wounds causes exogenous infections including malignant oedema and gas gangrene
*Inoculation of wounds causes exogenous infections including malignant oedema and gas gangrene
===''Clostridium chauvei''===
===''Clostridium chauvei''===
*Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]], along with [[Clostridium species#Clostridium septicum|''Clostridium septicum'']]
*Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]], along with [[Clostridium species#Clostridium septicum|''Clostridium septicum'']]
* Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]].
===Clostridium septicum===
*Causes malignant oedema:
**Infection via wounds
**Cellutis with minimal gangrene and gas formation
**Tissue swelling die to oedema; coldness and discoloration of overlying skin
**Toxaemia with depression; death may be rapis if extensive lesions
*Causes braxy:
**Abomasitis of sheep
**Disease occurs during winter
**Rapidly fatal; anorexia, depression, fever
*Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]]
===Clostridium perfringens===
===Clostridium perfringens===
*[[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|Gas gangrene]]:
**Extensive bacterial invasion of damaged muscle
**Gas production causing subcutaneous crepitus
**Similar manifestations as malignant oedema
* Causes:
* Causes:
** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb dysentery]]
** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb dysentery]]
** [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|Myositis]]
** [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|Myositis]]
* Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]]
===Clostridium novyi===
*Infectious necrotic hepatitis/black disease:
**Acute disease of sheep, occasionally cattle
**Hepatic necrosis caused by exotoxins of ''C. novyi'' type B in liver damaged by ''Fasciola hepatica''
**Rapid death
**Dark discoloration of skin caused by subcutaneous venous congestion
**Fluorescent antibody test diagnostic
* Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]].
*May be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
*''Causes big head in rams - oedema of subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck and cranial thorax; necrotising lethal alpha toxin
===''Clostridium haemolyticum''
*Causes bacillary haemoglobinuria in cattle, occasionally sheep
*Endogenous infection - endospores dormant in liver
*Fluke migration allows germination
*Beta toxin causes intravascular haemolysis and hepatic necrosis
*Haemoglobinuria due to destruction of red blood cells
===Clostridium sordelli===
===Clostridium sordelli===
* Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]]
*Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] and [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]]