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*May be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
*May be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
*Causes big head in rams - oedema of subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck and cranial thorax; necrotising lethal alpha toxin
*Causes big head in rams - oedema of subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck and cranial thorax; necrotising lethal alpha toxin
===''Clostridium perfringens'' type A===
*[[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|Gas gangrene
**Extensive bacterial invasion of damaged muscle
**Gas production causing subcutaneous crepitus
**Similar manifestations as malignant oedema
===Enteropathogenic and enterotoxaemic clostridia===
===Enteropathogenic and enterotoxaemic clostridia===
*General:
**''Clostridium perfringens'' types B, C and D
**Found in soil, feaces and intestinal tract
*[[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|Gas gangrene]], ''C. perfringens'' type A:
**Survive in soil as spores
**Extensive bacterial invasion of damaged muscle
**Husbandry, changes in diet and environment predispose to proliferation in the intestine
**Gas production causing subcutaneous crepitus
*Pathogenesis and pathogenicity:
**Similar manifestations as malignant oedema
**Clostridial replication and overgrowth in the interstinal tract of sheep
*''C perfringens'' type A causes necrotising enterocolitis in pigs and necrotic enteritis in chickens
**Production of potent exotoxins which cause local and systemic effects of enterotoxaemia
* Causes:
**Type of toxins produced determine clinical syndrome
** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb dysentery]]
**Haemolysins, collagenases and hyaluronidases also produced
*''C. perfringens'' type A:
**Necrotising enterocolitis in pigs and necrotic enteritis in chickens
**Canine haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
**Typhlocolotis in horses
*''C. perfringens'' type B:
**[[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb dysentery]]
**Up to 30% morbidity and high mortality
**Affects lambs in first week of life
**Abdominal distension, pain, bloody faeces, sudden death
**
** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Colitis X|Colitis X]]
** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Colitis X|Colitis X]]
** [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#"Pulpy Kidney" Disease|Pulpy kidney disease]]
** [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#"Pulpy Kidney" Disease|Pulpy kidney disease]]
** [[Respiratory system - clinical signs#Dysphagia|Dysphagia in horses]]
** [[Respiratory system - clinical signs#Dysphagia|Dysphagia in horses]]
** [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|Myositis]]
** [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|Myositis]]
*''C. perfringens'' type E:
**Enteritis in rabbits, haemorrhagic enteritis in calves