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*May be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
 
*May be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
 
*Causes big head in rams - oedema of subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck and cranial thorax; necrotising lethal alpha toxin
 
*Causes big head in rams - oedema of subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck and cranial thorax; necrotising lethal alpha toxin
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===''Clostridium perfringens'' type A===
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*[[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|Gas gangrene
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**Extensive bacterial invasion of damaged muscle
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**Gas production causing subcutaneous crepitus
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**Similar manifestations as malignant oedema
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===Enteropathogenic and enterotoxaemic clostridia===
 
===Enteropathogenic and enterotoxaemic clostridia===
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*General:
===Clostridium perfringens===
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**''Clostridium perfringens'' types B, C and D
 
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**Found in soil, feaces and intestinal tract
*[[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|Gas gangrene]], ''C. perfringens'' type A:
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**Survive in soil as spores
**Extensive bacterial invasion of damaged muscle
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**Husbandry, changes in diet and environment predispose to proliferation in the intestine
**Gas production causing subcutaneous crepitus
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*Pathogenesis and pathogenicity:
**Similar manifestations as malignant oedema
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**Clostridial replication and overgrowth in the interstinal tract of sheep
*''C perfringens'' type A causes necrotising enterocolitis in pigs and necrotic enteritis in chickens
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**Production of potent exotoxins which cause local and systemic effects of enterotoxaemia
* Causes:
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**Type of toxins produced determine clinical syndrome
** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb dysentery]]
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**Haemolysins, collagenases and hyaluronidases also produced
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*''C. perfringens'' type A:
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**Necrotising enterocolitis in pigs and necrotic enteritis in chickens
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**Canine haemorrhagic gastroenteritis
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**Typhlocolotis in horses
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*''C. perfringens'' type B:
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**[[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb dysentery]]
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**Up to 30% morbidity and high mortality
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**Affects lambs in first week of life
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**Abdominal distension, pain, bloody faeces, sudden death
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**
 
** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Colitis X|Colitis X]]
 
** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Colitis X|Colitis X]]
 
** [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#"Pulpy Kidney" Disease|Pulpy kidney disease]]
 
** [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#"Pulpy Kidney" Disease|Pulpy kidney disease]]
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**  [[Respiratory system - clinical signs#Dysphagia|Dysphagia in horses]]
 
**  [[Respiratory system - clinical signs#Dysphagia|Dysphagia in horses]]
 
** [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|Myositis]]
 
** [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|Myositis]]
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*''C. perfringens'' type E:
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**Enteritis in rabbits, haemorrhagic enteritis in calves
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