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Clostridium species (view source)

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===Clostridium sordelli===

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*Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]] ~~and~~ [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]]

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*Causes [[General Pathology - Necrosis#Gas Gangrene|gas gangrene]], [[Muscles - inflammatory#Gas gangrene|myositis]] and abomasitis (lambs)

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===Treatment of histotoxic infections===

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*Early penicillin

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*Vaccination with bacterin or toxoid at 3 months and booster after 3 weeks, then annually

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*Anaerobic transport medium

*Culture on blood agar enriched with yeast extract, vitamin K and haemin

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*Anaerobic culture with hydrogen supplement and 5-10% carbon dioxide

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*Anaerobic culture with hydrogen supplement and 5-10% carbon dioxide for 48 hours

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*Colonies of ''C. perfringens'' are 5mm diameter, circular, flat and grey

*''C. perfringens'' colonies are surrounded by a zone of double haemolysis

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*Positive cAMP test with ''Sreptococci agalactiae''

*Biochemical tests

*Toxins identified in body fluids by toxin neutralisation or protection tests in lab animals

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*Nagler reaction to detect alpha toxin - plate neutralisation test

*Fluorescent antibody tests for histotoxic clostridia

*ELISA, PCR for toxin detection

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**Gas production causing subcutaneous crepitus

**Similar manifestations as malignant oedema

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*~~Necrotising~~ enterocolitis in chickens ~~and pigs~~

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*''C perfringens'' type A causes necrotising enterocolitis in pigs and necrotic enteritis in chickens

* Causes:

** [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Lamb Dysentery (Enterotoxaemia with Blood)|Lamb dysentery]]

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