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| <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big> | | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big> |
| <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big> | | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big> |
− | * Cause of [[Intestines - Proliferative Enteritis#Porcine Adenomatosis Complex|porcine intestinal adenomatosis]]
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| ===Overview=== | | ===Overview=== |
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| + | *Causes [[Intestines - Proliferative Enteritis#Porcine Adenomatosis Complex|porcine proliferative enteropathy]] |
| + | *Grows intracellularly in pircine enterocytes |
| + | *Excreted in small amounts in faeces of infected pigs |
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| ===Characteristics=== | | ===Characteristics=== |
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− | * | + | *Slender, curved, Gram negative rod |
| + | *Microaerophilic |
| + | *Obligate intracellular bacterium |
| + | *Requires enterocyte tissue culture for growth |
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| + | ===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity=== |
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| + | *Affinity for porcine enterocytes |
| + | *Causes proliferation of enterocytes |
| + | *Adenomatous and inflammatory lesions develop in the terminal ilium, caecum and colon |
| + | *Synergistic relationship between ''L. intracellularis'' and intestinal flora including ''E. coli'', ''Clostridium'' species and ''Bacteroides'' species |
| + | *Intestinal organisms may produce correct oxygen tension and conditions for colonisation of ''L. intracellularis'' |
| + | *Infection can only take place in presence of intestinal flora |
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| + | ===Clinical disease=== |
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| + | *Proliferative enteropathy occurs in weaned pigs, 6-12 weeks old |
| + | *Chronic intermittent diarrhoea with reduced growth or acute haemorrhagic enteropathy |
| + | *Sudden heath in severe infections |
| + | *Recovery from mild form in most animals without treatment |
| + | *Post mortem lesions include thickened wall, mucosal necrosis with clotted blood in the lumen of the ilium, caecum and colon |
| + | *Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes |
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| + | ===Diagnosis=== |
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| + | *Clinical signs and pathology give a presumptive diagnosis |
| + | *Organisms demonstrated in faeces or ileal mucosa by immunofluorescence or PCR |
| + | *Silver impregnation stains or immunostaining or lesions |
| + | *Culture in enterocyte cell lines |
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| + | ===Treatment and control=== |
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| + | *Antibiotics such as tylosin, tiamulin used prophylactically or therapeutically in feed/water |
| + | *Zinc bacitracin in feed |
| + | *Thorough cleaning and disinfection of premises |