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==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
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The tongue (lingua) occupies the ventral aspect of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and oropharynx. Itis involved with grooming, lapping, prehension and manipultaing food in [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. It is also involved in the [[Deglutition|deglutition]] reflex and vocalisation.
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The tongue (lingua) occupies the ventral aspect of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. Itis involved with grooming, lapping, prehension and manipultaing food in [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. It is also involved in the [[Deglutition|deglutition]] reflex and vocalisation.
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The tongue is capable of vigerous and precise movements due to the apex being free of attachments to the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]].
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==Functional Anatomy==
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*Skeletal muscle dorsally
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*Structural fat surrounded by cartilagenous sheath forming lyssa ventrally
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*Attached root and body with a free apex
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*Frenulum (fold of mucosa) attaches the body of the tongue to the floor of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]
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*Root of tongue attached to hyoid bone
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*In the horse and dog the tongue is 'u' shaped, becoming broader towards the tip. The furrow in the centre of the canid tongue is called the median sulcus.
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*In the ox, sheep and pig the tongue if 'v' shaped with a pointed apex. The tonus linguae is a swelling across the tongue laterally which pushes food against the [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]].
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==Muscles==
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==Innervation==
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==Histology==
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*Lingual glands
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*Mucosal covering tightly adheres to the contact surface
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*Degree of keratinisation depends on diet
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==Taste Buds==
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==Species Differences==
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*Dog has stretch receptors in the tongue
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*Dog uses the tongue to lose heat by panting
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*Ruminant tongue is heavily keratinised
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