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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
The tongue (lingua) occupies the ventral aspect of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and oropharynx. Itis involved with grooming, lapping, prehension and manipultaing food in [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. It is also involved in the [[Deglutition|deglutition]] reflex and vocalisation.
The tongue (lingua) occupies the ventral aspect of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. Itis involved with grooming, lapping, prehension and manipultaing food in [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. It is also involved in the [[Deglutition|deglutition]] reflex and vocalisation.
The tongue is capable of vigerous and precise movements due to the apex being free of attachments to the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]].
==Functional Anatomy==
*Skeletal muscle dorsally
*Structural fat surrounded by cartilagenous sheath forming lyssa ventrally
*Attached root and body with a free apex
*Frenulum (fold of mucosa) attaches the body of the tongue to the floor of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]
*Root of tongue attached to hyoid bone
*In the horse and dog the tongue is 'u' shaped, becoming broader towards the tip. The furrow in the centre of the canid tongue is called the median sulcus.
*In the ox, sheep and pig the tongue if 'v' shaped with a pointed apex. The tonus linguae is a swelling across the tongue laterally which pushes food against the [[Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]].
==Muscles==
==Innervation==
==Histology==
*Lingual glands
*Mucosal covering tightly adheres to the contact surface
*Degree of keratinisation depends on diet
==Taste Buds==
==Species Differences==
*Dog has stretch receptors in the tongue
*Dog uses the tongue to lose heat by panting
*Ruminant tongue is heavily keratinised