Line 1: |
Line 1: |
− | <big><center>[[Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
| |
− |
| |
| | | |
| + | The Placenta is a hugely important endocrine organ, producing many [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] which affect the status of pregnancy and the maternal physiology. |
| | | |
| | | |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" | | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" |
− | |+ ''Hormones of the Testes'' | + | |+ ''Hormones of the Placenta'' |
| !Hormone | | !Hormone |
− | !Regulation | + | !Production and Regulation |
| !Action | | !Action |
| |- | | |- |
− | |<font color=Purple>Prostaglandin F2a</font> | + | |Prostaglandin F2a |
− | | - | + | |Produced towards the end of pregnancy in increasing amounts to allow for parturition. |
− | |Causes luteolysis. | + | |Causes luteolysis and promotes uterine contractions. |
| + | |- |
| + | |Progesterone |
| + | |The Placenta takes over Progesterone production from the Corpus Luteum to maintain the pregnancy. |
| + | |Maintains the pregnancy by thickening the cervix, depressing the maternal immune response and preventing ovulation. It also promotes mammary growth. |
| |- | | |- |
− | |<font color=Purple>Progesterone</font> | + | |Oestrogen |
− | |Sertoli Cells | + | |Oestrogen levels rise throughout pregnancy as the placenta grows. |
− | |GnRH from the [[Endocrine System - Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus]] causes FSH secretion from the [[Endocrine System - Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]] which stimulates the Sertoli Cells.
| + | |Stimulate the growth of the myometrium, promote mammary development and suppress gonadotrophin release from the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|pituitary gland]]. |
− | |Prevents secretion of further FSH from the [[Endocrine System - Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]]. | |
| |- | | |- |
− | |<font color=Purple>Oestrogen<font> | + | |Placental Lactogen |
− | |Sertoli Cells | + | |This is related to [[Lactation - Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Prolactin]] and [[Pituitary Growth Hormone - Anatomy & Physiology|Growth hormone]], and is produced by the placenta and uterus. |
− | |GnRH from the [[Endocrine System - Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus]] causes FSH secretion from the [[Endocrine System - Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]] which stimulates the Sertoli Cells.
| + | |Promotes growth and differentiation of mammary tissue. Identified in primates, ruminants and rodents. |
− | |Converted from testosterone, this hormone's function is complex. It may prevent apoptosis of male germ cells. | |
| |- | | |- |
− | |<font color=Purple>Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG)<font> | + | |Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) |
− | |Sertoli Cells | + | |This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells, and is actually the same molecule as equine LH. |
− | |GnRH from the [[Endocrine System - Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus]] causes FSH secretion from the [[Endocrine System - Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]] which stimulates the Sertoli Cells. | + | |Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for [[Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy - Anatomy & Physiology|Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy]] in equids. |
− | |Converted from testosterone, this hormone's function is complex. It may prevent apoptosis of male germ cells.
| |
| |- | | |- |
− | |<font color=Purple>hCG<font> | + | |Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) |
− | |Sertoli Cells | + | |This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells. |
− | |GnRH from the [[Endocrine System - Hypothalamus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hypothalamus]] causes FSH secretion from the [[Endocrine System - Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Pituitary Gland]] which stimulates the Sertoli Cells. | + | |Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for [[Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy - Anatomy & Physiology|Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy]] in primates. |
− | |Converted from testosterone, this hormone's function is complex. It may prevent apoptosis of male germ cells.
| |
| |} | | |} |
| + | |
| + | ==Webinars== |
| + | <rss max="10" highlight="none">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/urogenital-and-reproduction/webinars/feed</rss> |
| + | |
| + | [[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]] |