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The corpuscles are recognisable histologically as papillae, originating from the dermis ending in crater-like structures at the distal tip of the beak.
 
The corpuscles are recognisable histologically as papillae, originating from the dermis ending in crater-like structures at the distal tip of the beak.
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The '''cere''' is situated at the base of the upper beak and is composed of keratinised skin.  The nostrils are located here in many avian species.  The colour of the cere is influenced by diet and hormones.
    
==Immunology==
 
==Immunology==
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