Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Problems with [[Tooth Development|normal tooth development]] fall into three main categories:

Problems with [[Tooth Development|normal tooth development]] fall into three main categories:

==Abnormalities of the Crown==

==Abnormalities of the Crown==

Abnormalities of the [[Enamel Organ#Crown|crown]] may occur during development resulting in '''microdontia''' (smaller crown), '''macrodontia''' (larger crown), '''peg teeth (conically shaped teeth) as well as '''geminated crowns''' (double crown) or '''fused teeth''' (two separate tooth buds fused at the crown by [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] and sometimes [[Enamel Organ#Dentin|dentine]]).<br>

Abnormalities of the [[Enamel Organ#Crown|crown]] may occur during development resulting in '''microdontia''' (smaller crown), '''macrodontia''' (larger crown), '''peg teeth (conically shaped teeth) as well as '''geminated crowns''' (double crown) or '''fused teeth''' (two separate tooth buds fused at the crown by [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] and sometimes [[Enamel Organ#Dentin|dentine]]).<br>

This is clinically important from a periodontal health aspect to avoid plaque stagnation areas between overcrowded teeth. It is also important when planning extraction of an abnormal tooth to take [[Intra-Oral Radiography - Small Animal|radiographs]] as abnormal [[Enamel Organ#Root|root]] formation is not uncommon with these teeth.  

This is clinically important from a periodontal health aspect to avoid plaque stagnation areas between overcrowded teeth. It is also important when planning extraction of an abnormal tooth to take [[Intra-Oral Radiography - Small Animal|radiographs]] as abnormal [[Enamel Organ#Root|root]] formation is not uncommon with these teeth.  

====Clinical Significance====

====Clinical Significance====

Enamel forms the outer covering of the tooth and forms an impermeable barrier protecting the underlying tooth components. If enamel is poorly formed or missing completely the underlying dentine is exposed, resulting in sensitivity and severe pain in some cases. The sensitivity is caused by changes in the hydrostatic pressure in the dentinal tubules which contain odontoblast processes which trigger a pain pathway. In mild cases, the pulp will often respond to the stimulation by laying down more dentine, reparative (tertiary) dentine, which obliterates the dentinal tubule space. In severe cases of dysplasia, the pulp can become chronically inflamed and undergo irreversible pulpitis as a result of bacterial ingression through the exposed dentinal tubules; periapical disease then develops. <font color="red">Pic13-enamel dysplasiaRad</font color>

Enamel forms the outer covering of the tooth and forms an impermeable barrier protecting the underlying tooth components. If enamel is poorly formed or missing completely the underlying dentine is exposed, resulting in sensitivity and severe pain in some cases. The sensitivity is caused by changes in the hydrostatic pressure in the dentinal tubules which contain odontoblast processes which trigger a pain pathway. In mild cases, the pulp will often respond to the stimulation by laying down more dentine, reparative (tertiary) dentine, which obliterates the dentinal tubule space. In severe cases of dysplasia, the pulp can become chronically inflamed and undergo irreversible pulpitis as a result of bacterial ingression through the exposed dentinal tubules; periapical disease then develops.  

===Dens in Dente ===

===Dens in Dente ===

Dens in dente - tooth within a tooth

Dens in dente - tooth within a tooth

This occurs when the tooth bud folds in on itself resulting in [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]], [[Enamel Organ#Dentin|dentine]] and pulp being produced with the tooth itself. Usually the invagination results in pulp exposure, and ultimately pulp necrosis. Often the crown has an abnormal shape but the diagnosis is made radiographically.  <font color="red">(Pic14-rad)</font color>

This occurs when the tooth bud folds in on itself resulting in [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]], [[Enamel Organ#Dentin|dentine]] and pulp being produced with the tooth itself. Usually the invagination results in pulp exposure, and ultimately pulp necrosis. Often the crown has an abnormal shape but the diagnosis is made radiographically.   

==Root Abnormalities ==

==Root Abnormalities ==

[[Category:Developmental Dental Conditions]]

[[Category:Developmental Dental Conditions]]

[[Category:To Do - Dentistry questions]]

[[Category:To Do - Dentistry questions]]

[[Category:To Do - Mars Check]]

[[Category:To Do - Mars Check]]