Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Problems with [[Tooth Development|normal tooth development]] fall into three main categories:

Problems with [[Tooth Development|normal tooth development]] fall into three main categories:

====Clinical Significance====

====Clinical Significance====

Enamel forms the outer covering of the tooth and forms an impermeable barrier protecting the underlying tooth components. If enamel is poorly formed or missing completely the underlying dentine is exposed, resulting in sensitivity and severe pain in some cases. The sensitivity is caused by changes in the hydrostatic pressure in the dentinal tubules which contain odontoblast processes which trigger a pain pathway. In mild cases, the pulp will often respond to the stimulation by laying down more dentine, reparative (tertiary) dentine, which obliterates the dentinal tubule space. In severe cases of dysplasia, the pulp can become chronically inflamed and undergo irreversible pulpitis as a result of bacterial ingression through the exposed dentinal tubules; periapical disease then develops.  

Enamel forms the outer covering of the tooth and forms an impermeable barrier protecting the underlying tooth components. If enamel is poorly formed or missing completely the underlying dentine is exposed, resulting in sensitivity and severe pain in some cases. The sensitivity is caused by changes in the hydrostatic pressure in the dentinal tubules which contain odontoblast processes which trigger a pain pathway. In mild cases, the pulp will often respond to the stimulation by laying down more dentine, reparative (tertiary) dentine, which obliterates the dentinal tubule space. In severe cases of dysplasia, the pulp can become chronically inflamed and undergo irreversible pulpitis as a result of bacterial ingression through the exposed dentinal tubules; periapical disease then develops.  

===Dens in Dente ===

===Dens in Dente ===

This occurs when the tooth bud folds in on itself resulting in [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]], [[Enamel Organ#Dentin|dentine]] and pulp being produced with the tooth itself. Usually the invagination results in pulp exposure, and ultimately pulp necrosis. Often the crown has an abnormal shape but the diagnosis is made radiographically.   

This occurs when the tooth bud folds in on itself resulting in [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]], [[Enamel Organ#Dentin|dentine]] and pulp being produced with the tooth itself. Usually the invagination results in pulp exposure, and ultimately pulp necrosis. Often the crown has an abnormal shape but the diagnosis is made radiographically.   

==Root Abnormalities ==

==Root Abnormalities ==

* Extra roots

* Extra roots

* Dilacerated roots (misshapen roots)

* Dilacerated roots (misshapen roots)

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